Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/tɬeq

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *ləˀq, *tʰəq (per Werner 2002)
  • *ŕǝʔq, *ŕǝʔχ, *tǝq (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1][2]
  • *dˡʌˀq, *tʰʌ̄ˑq (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *ɬewq, *tɬewq (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Reconstruction notes

Two different roots are given by all the authors whose alternative reconstructions above were consulted, which are taken as one here. Vajda (2024) lists the Yugh term with an unvoiced lateral onset as a descendant of this root and the descendants of both roots show striking resemblances in the formal shape and semantic coverage.

The aberrance and the vacillation between the onsets *tɬ- and *ɬ- perhaps can also be seen in the purported Tlingit cognates.

Etymology

Compared to Tlingit lʼéx̱ʼkw (“soil, dirt”)[3], lʼóox (“silty and/or murky water”)[4] and tlʼátk (“soil, earth; land, country”).[5]

Kottic and Arinic words for 'sand' are connected to this root by Starostin (1994-2005), and thus so given here, albeit tentatively.

Arin laj (“swamp”) (H.) is unrelated to the forms below, and is ultimately derived from Persian لای (lây, “dreg, mud”) instead.[6][7]

Noun

*tɬeq ~ *ɬeq (plural *tɬeq-ja-n?)

  1. (geology) clay, smirch (specifically wet, not dry)
    Coordinate term: *tuw (“dry clay”)
Derived terms
  • *tɬewq (“fish”) (?)
  • *tɬuɢa (“whitefish, perch”) (?)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Ket: тъӄ (tɤ̄ˑq, no plural) (Southern and Central dialects)[8]
    • Ket: тъӷә (tɤ̄ˑʁə, no plural) (Northern dialects)
    • Yug: тәх (tɤ̄χ, “wet clay”, no plural)
    • >? Yug: лъʼх (ɬʌˀχ), лъʼӄ (ɬʌˀq, “smirch, dirt”, no plural)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒? Assan: taŋajan (M., W., Kl.), tahana (Kl.), tan'jagan (“sand”) (VW.)
    • ⇒ Kott: tʰagar (singular) (C.), tʰagaraŋ (plural) (C.)
    • ⇒ Kott: ûrtêg, ûrtêx (C.), úrteg (M., W., Kl.), urtek (“lake, sea”, literally “rain-clay”) (H.)
    • ⇒? Kott: d'ašâkŋ (“to clean”) (C.)
    • ⇒? Kott: d'igen (“moss”) (C.)
    • ⇒? Kott: tʰagan, tʰakan (C.), tagánaŋ (M., W., Kl., VW.), taganan (singular) (H.), tʰaganaŋ (“sand”, plural) (C.)
  • Arinic:
    • ⇒? Arin: tanen (“sand”) (H.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • Pumpokol: tɨk (“dirt”) (VW.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=590&root=config
  2. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=695&root=config
  3. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 173
  4. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 176
  5. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 223
  6. ^ Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), “Arin laj”, in Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[1], Brill, →ISBN, pages 27-28
  7. ^ Vajda, Edward (2024), “footnote 15”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[2], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 389
  8. ^ Not found in Kotorova (2015).

Further reading

  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “PY *tɬewq”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 274
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “24.) ~*tɬewq”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 337
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*dˡʌˀq”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 489
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*tɬeq”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[5], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 389
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “2lʌˀχ/2lʌˀq (jug.)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 5
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “1təχ (jug.)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 304
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “tʰa”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, pages 314-315
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