Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qiw

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains original research. The reconstruction in this entry is based on published research, but the specific form presented here is not found in prior works.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *qɨˀj (per Werner 2002)
  • *χɨˀw (per Starostin 1994-2005)
  • *qɯˀj (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *qiwx (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)
  • *qiwχ (per Vajda 2024)
  • *qɯj (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: q.1- or q.2-j.1)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *qʼəx, *qʼej, *qʼi (“birch tree”) and Proto-Athabaskan *qʼəš (“alder tree”);[1] Navajo kʼish (“alder tree”). It is also possible that these forms are a result of contact rather than common inheritance for both families, cue Nivkh ӿиф (hif, “birch bark”).[2] This root is thought to be the original term for 'birch tree', replaced by the Uralic borrowing *xusa.

Noun

*qiw (plural *qiwχ-Vŋʷ)

  1. (botany) birch tree bark
    Coordinate term: *xusa (“birch tree”)
Derived terms
  • *quwç (“tent made of birch bark”)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: kuj (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Ket: ӄыʼй (qɨˀj)[3]
    • Yug: хыʼй (χɨˀj)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Kott: hîpal (“a sheet or peel of birch bark”) (C.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ Source needed.
  2. ^ Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 469
  3. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 297

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “q.1, q.2 (Table 28)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 70 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Coda-j.1 (Table 21)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 279 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “PY *iw”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 270
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “105.) ~*qiwx”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 377
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qɯˀj”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 2, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 747
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*iw: *qiwχ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 414
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²qɨˀj”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 2, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 153
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “birch bark”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 284
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