Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/qawg

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Proto-Yeniseian numbers (edit)
10
1 2  →  10  → 
    Cardinal: *qawg, *quç
    Ordinal: *qawgwasVŋʷ, *quçwasVŋʷ
    Adverbial: *qawgpa, *quçpa

Alternative reconstructions

  • Etymology 1:
    • *qɔˀk (per Werner 2002)
    • *qoˀg, *qaˀg (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
    • *qok (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: q.1-k.2)
  • Etymology 2:
    • *qɔˀ (per Werner 2002)
    • *χɔʔ (per Starostin 1994-2005)[1]
    • *qoˀ, *qogʌ, *qaˀʌ, *qagʌ (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
    • *qawŋʷ (per Fortescue-Vajda 2022)

Etymology 1

Most likely related to Proto-Yeniseian *qu-ç (“one, 1”, inanimate).

Numeral

*qawg ~ *qu-ga? (ordinal *qawg-was-Vŋʷ)

  1. (cardinal number, animate) one, 1
    Coordinate term: *qu-ç (“one, 1”, inanimate)

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: kuok (C.)
      • Ket: ӄоʼӄ (qɔˀq), ӄогда (qɔ́kda)
    • Ostyak Yug: xô (C.)
      • Yug: хоʼк (χɔˀk), хогда (χɔ́kda), хогдуʼ (χɔgduˀ)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: haútu (M., W., Kl.), háutu (VW.), hautu (F.)

Etymology 2

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *tsʼən (“bone”),[2] Navajo atsʼin (“bones”) and Tlingit sʼaaḵ (“bone”).[3]

Noun

*qawg (plural *qawg-Vŋ)

  1. (anatomy) bone
    Synonym: *adʳ

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: koó (Ad.)
      • Ket: ӄоʼ (qɔˀ, “horn”)[4]
        • ⇒ Ket: ӄоӈтий (qɔŋtij, “trunk, skeleton”)[5]
      • ⇒ Ket: ӄоони (qɔ̀ːni, “cartilage”) (cf. и (“skin”))[6]
    • ⇒ Yug: хоʼӈ (χɔˀŋ, “a pair of horns”)
  • Kottic:
    • ⇒ Assan: xau-bédžar (“finger”) (M., W., Kl., VW.)[7]
    • Kott: hau (“horn; thumb, big toe”) (C.)
    • ⇒ Kott: qagal, xagal, xakal (“bone”) (M., W.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • ⇒ Pumpokol: kógoŋho (W.), kógongho (“jawbone”) (M.)

See also

  • Proto-Yeniseian entry guidelines § Bibliography

References

  1. ^ https://starlingdb.org/cgi-bin/response.cgi?single=1&basename=%2fDATA%2fYENISEY%2fYENET&text_number=801&root=config
  2. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume ts1a-ts1u, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 12
  3. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 195
  4. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 299
  5. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 317
  6. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 314
  7. ^ Werner, Heinrich (2005), “xaubédžar (M, W, Kl, VW)”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 140

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'1'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 57 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “'1'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 245 of 216-293
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “Footnote e”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[4], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 261 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “62.) ~*cawnɢ (or *qawŋʷɢ)”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[5], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 355
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qoˀ/*qog(ʌ) < *qaˀʌ/*qag(ʌ)”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 671
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*qoˀg < *qaˀg”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 676
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 378
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[7], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 440
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²qɔˀ (II)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 122
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²qɔˀk (II)/qɔˀq”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 123
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “Horn”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 247
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