Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/kus

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *kuʔs (per Vovin 2000, Starostin 2005)
  • *kuˀt (per Werner 2002)
  • *kuˀs (per Werner 2002 and Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *kʰuˀs (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *qus ("Common Yeniseian", per Khabtagaeva 2019)
  • *xuʧ, *xuc (per Cologne group 2023 & 2024. Pattern: k.1-s.1)

Etymology

Most likely borrowed from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws (“cattle”).

Noun

*kus (plural *kus-Vŋ)

  1. (zoology) horse

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: kuhsch (Mes.; Eed-Šeš dialect)
    • Ket: куʼсь (kuˀsʲ, “cow”)[1]
    • Yug: куʼс (kuˀs)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: huš (M., W., Kl.), hɨš (Kl.)
    • Kott: xuš (M., W., Kl.), guš (H.), huš (C.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: qus (M., W., Kl.), kus (Str.)
      • ⇒ Arin: qúše (“mare”) (Str.)
  • Pumpokolic:
    • >? Xiongnu: 駃騠 (*kʷeːd.deː /⁠*kuti⁠/)[2][3]
    • Pumpokol: kutt (M.), kut (W., Kl.)
      • ⇒ Pumpokol: chilùn-kutt (M.), xilún-kut (“foal”, literally “foal-horse”) (W.)

References

  1. ^ Kotorova, Elizaveta; Nefedov, Andrey (2015), Большой словарь кетского языка, Münich: LINCOM, →ISBN, page 247
  2. ^ Pulleybank, Edwin George (1962), The Consonantal System of Old Chinese (Asia Major; 9), pages 239-265
  3. ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000), “Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?”, in Central Asiatic Journal‎[1], volume 44, number 1, Harrassowitz Verlag

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “cow (Table 11)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 55 of 39-82
  • Hill, Eugen; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Svenja, Bonmann (2024), “horse (Table 11)”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part II: Word-Final Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[3], number 6, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 251 of 216-293
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[4], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 268
  • Khabtagaeva, Bayarma (2019), Language Contact in Siberia: Turkic, Mongolic, and Tungusic Loanwords in Yeniseian (The languages of Asia series; 19)‎[5], Brill, →ISBN, pages 68-69
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*kʰuˀs”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 470
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*kus (Table 15)”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[6], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “²kuˀs”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 457
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “cow”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 289
  • Werner, Heinrich (2005), “horse”, in Die Jenissej-Sprachen des 18. Jahrhunderts, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 303
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