Reconstruction:Proto-Yeniseian/dukʷ

This Proto-Yeniseian entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Yeniseian

Alternative reconstructions

  • *duˀ (for Ketic, per Werner 2002 & Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *duka, *dugə, *duˀ(χ) (per Werner 2002)
  • *dug (per Vajda-Werner 2022)
  • *duwkʷ (per Vajda 2022)
  • *duC? (per Cologne group 2023. Pattern: d.1-?)

Etymology

Compared to Proto-Athabaskan *tʼe̓ˑš, *tʼeˑtšʼ, *tʼuˑtšʼ (“charcoal”)[1], Navajo tʼeesh (“charcoal, ash”), Eyak -tˀuˑčˀ (“to be black”) and Tlingit tʼoochʼ (“charcoal, black”).[2]

Noun

*dukʷ (no plural)

  1. smoke, soot

Descendants

  • Ketic:
    • Imbak Ket: du (“smoke, steam”) (M., W., Kl., VW., Ad.)
      • Ket: ду’ (duˀ, “smoke, soot”)
    • Ostyak Yug: du (M.)
  • Kottic:
    • Assan: tu (M., W., Kl.)
    • Kott: tu (C.), tug (M., W., Kl.)
      • Kott: tua (“smoky”) (C.)
  • Arinic:
    • Arin: t'u (M., W., Kl.)
  • Pumpokolic:

References

  1. ^ Leer, Jeff (1996), Comparative Athabaskan Lexicon‎[1], volume t1E-t1u, Alaska Native Language Archive, page 51
  2. ^ Twitchell, X̱ʼunei Lance (2020), Tlingit Online Dictionary, Juneau, Alaska: Independently published, supported by Goldbelt Heritage Foundation and the University of Alaska Southeast, →ISBN, page 221

Further reading

  • Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon; Korobzow, Natalie; Günther, Laura; Hill, Eugen (2023), “'smoke'”, in “Towards a New Reconstruction of the Proto-Yeniseian Sound System. Part I: Word-Initial Consonants”, in International Journal of Eurasian Linguistics‎[2], number 5, Brill, →DOI, →ISSN, page 51 of 39-82
  • Fortescue, Michael; Vajda, Edward (2022), “9.) *dujkʷ”, in Mid-Holocene Language Connections between Asia and North America (Brill's Studies in the Indigenous Languages of the Americas; 17)‎[3], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 330-331
  • Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*duˀ < *dug”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, pages 222-223
  • Vajda, Edward (2024), “*dukʷ/*dukʷ-Vŋ”, in The Languages and Linguistics of Northern Asia: Language Families (The World of Linguistics [WOL]; 10.1)‎[4], volume 1, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →DOI, →ISBN, page 412
  • Werner, Heinrich (2002), “(2) duˀ (n., Pl. dún'aŋ)”, in Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der Jenissej-Sprachen, volume 1, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 210
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