Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/burg

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *burgz.

Noun

*burg f^[1]

fortification
(fortified) city

Inflection

Consonant stem
	Singular
Nominative	*burg
Genitive	*burgi
	Singular	Plural
Nominative	*burg	*burgi
Accusative	*burgu	*burgi
Genitive	*burgi	*borgō
Dative	*burgi	*burgum
Instrumental	*burgi	*burgum

Derived terms

Descendants

Old English: burg, burh, burug
- Middle English: burgh
  - Scots: burch, burgh
  - English: borough, -borough, Brough, boro, burg, bur-, burgh, bury (as in borough, manor), -bury
- → English: burh (learned)
Old Frisian: burch, boarch
- Saterland Frisian: Buurich
- West Frisian: -boarg (in compounds)
Old Saxon: burg, burh, burug
- Middle Low German: borch
  - Low German: Borg
    - German Low German: Börg, Borg, Bürg, Burg
Old Dutch: burg
- Middle Dutch: borch, burch
  - Dutch: burg, burcht
    - Afrikaans: burg
  - Limburgish: bórg, börch
Old High German: burg, purc
- Middle High German: burc, burec, buric, purc
  - Central Franconian:
    - Hunsrik: Borrich, Beuch
    - Luxembourgish: Buerg
  - German: Burg
  - Yiddish: בורג (burg)
→ Late Latin: burgus (see there for further descendants)
- →? Albanian: burg
→ Old French: borc, burc
- Middle French: bourg
  - French: bourg

References

^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 100: “PWGmc *burg”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 100: “PWGmc *burg”

[1]