Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/tarkan

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Reconstruction notes

The oldest attestations of this word are read as tarxa:n rather than tarqan by Clauson.

Etymology

Inherited from a pre-Turkic language, according to Doerfer, further borrowed from another language as evidenced by its irregular plural, [1] itself likely borrowed from or cognate to Xiongnu 單于 (*darƣʷa) and Sogdian 𐽂𐽀𐼲𐼴𐼰𐼻 (trɣwʾn), of highly contested origin, see Chinese 單于 (chányú) and the Wikipedia page for more.

Noun

*tarkan

  1. tarkhan

Descendants

  • Arghu: تَرْخانْ (tarxʾn /⁠tarxan⁠/, “a pagan name meaning "chief"”)
  • Oghuz:
    • Ottoman Turkish: تارخان (tarhan)
      • Turkish: tarkan, Tarkan (more likely a learned borrowing from Old Turkic)
    • >? Turkmen: tarhan (“sovereign”)
  • Karluk:
    • Chagatai: تارخان (tarxan, “tax-free person”)
      • → Persian: ترخان (tarxân)
        • → Georgian: თარხანი (tarxani)
        • → Old Armenian: թարխան (tʻarxan)
  • Siberian Turkic:
    • Old Turkic:
      • Orkhon Turkic: 𐱃𐰺𐰴𐰣 (t¹r¹qn¹ /⁠tarqan⁠/)
      • Old Uyghur: 𐾀𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰𐽺 (tʾrqʾn /⁠tarḥan⁠/, appellatory title for emperors and Khagans, also translates to 達官 / 达官 (dáguān, “bureaucrat”))[2]

References

  1. ^ Doerfer, Gerhard (1965), Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎[1] (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, pages 460-474
  2. ^ Wilkens, Jens (2021), Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 677

Further reading

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