Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/kaluža

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.). Related to *kaluga (“puddle”).

Noun

*kaluža f^[1]

mud, pool, puddle

Declension

Declension of *kaluža (soft a-stem)
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*kaluža	*kaluži	*kalužę̇
genitive	*kalužę̇	*kalužu	*kalužь
dative	*kaluži	*kalužama	*kalužamъ
accusative	*kalužǫ	*kaluži	*kalužę̇
instrumental	kalužejǫ, kalužǫ^**	*kalužama	*kalužami
locative	*kaluži	*kalužu	kalužasъ, kalužaxъ^*
vocative	*kaluže	*kaluži	*kalužę̇

^* -asъ is the expected Balto-Slavic form but is found only in some Old Czech documents; -axъ is found everywhere else and is formed by analogy with other locative plurals in -xъ.
^** The second form occurs in languages that contract early across /j/ (e.g. Czech), while the first form occurs in languages that do not (e.g. Russian).

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Belarusian: калу́жа (kalúža) (dialectal)
- Russian: калю́жа́ (kaljúžá) (dialectal)
- Ukrainian: калю́жа (kaljúža), калу́жа (kalúža) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ка̀љужа
  
  Latin script: kàljuža
West Slavic:
- Czech: kaluž
- Old Polish: kałuża
  - Polish: kałuża, kałóż (Kielce)
  - Silesian: kałuża
- Slovak: kaluža, kaluž

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kaluža”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 126

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1983), “*kaluža”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 9 (*jьz – *klenьje), Moscow: Nauka, page 126

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