Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/dъlžiti

This Proto-Slavic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Slavic

Etymology

By surface analysis, *dъlgъ +‎ *-iti.

Verb

*dъlžiti^[1]

to owe

Inflection

Conjugation of *dъlžiti, *dъlži, *dъlžitь (?, -i-, s-aorist, accent paradigm ?)

Verbal noun	Infinitive	Supine	L-participle
*dъlženьje	*dъlžiti	*dъlžitъ	*dъlžilъ

	Participles
Tense	Past	Present
Passive	*dъlženъ	*dъlžimъ
Active	*dъlžь	*dъlžę

	Aorist			Present
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dъlžixъ	*dъlži	*dъlži	*dъlžǫ	*dъlžiši	*dъlžitь
Dual	*dъlžixově	*dъlžista	*dъlžiste	*dъlživě	*dъlžita	*dъlžite
Plural	*dъlžixomъ	*dъlžiste	*dъlžišę	*dъlžimъ	*dъlžite	*dъlžętь
	Imperfect			Imperative
Person	1st	2nd	3rd	1st	2nd	3rd
Singular	*dъlžaaxъ	*dъlžaaše	*dъlžaaše	—	*dъlži	*dъlži
Dual	*dъlžaaxově	*dъlžaašeta	*dъlžaašete	*dъlživě	*dъlžita	—
Plural	*dъlžaaxomъ	*dъlžaašete	*dъlžaaxǫ	*dъlžimъ	*dъlžite	—

(*)*dъlživъ is a later doublet of the past active participle

Descendants

East Slavic:
- Russian: должи́ть (dolžítʹ) (dialectal)
South Slavic:
- Bulgarian: дължа́ (dǎlžá)
- Macedonian: должи (dolži)
- Serbo-Croatian:
  Cyrillic script: ду́жити
  
  Latin script: dúžiti
- Slovene: dolžíti (tonal orthography)
West Slavic:
- Old Czech: dlužiti
  - Czech: dlužit
- Polish: dłużyć (obsolete)
- Slovak: dlžiť
- Sorbian:
  - Lower Sorbian: dłužys
  - Upper Sorbian: dołžić

References

^ Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъlžiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 180

[1] Trubachyov, Oleg, editor (1978), “*dъlžiti”, in Этимологический словарь славянских языков [Etymological dictionary of Slavic languages] (in Russian), numbers 5 (*dělo – *dьržьlь), Moscow: Nauka, page 180

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