Reconstruction:Proto-Sino-Tibetan/kV-

This Proto-Sino-Tibetan entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Sino-Tibetan

Reconstruction

  • Proto-Sino-Tibetan:
    • Proto-Tibeto-Burman: *gV- (Konnerth, 2016)

See Konnerth (2016)[1] for a brief summary of some reflexes of this prefix, and Konnerth (2009) for a longer study.

In Chinese this prefix only survives in a few fossilized traces. In Tibetan, the prefix lost productivity some time during the Tibetan Empire period, and merged with another nominalizer *tV- (the forms d- and g- in Tibetan are in complementary distribution).

Prefix

*kV-

  1. Nominalizes verbs; often used adjectivally.

Descendants

Due to the prefix losing productivity in Chinese and Tibetan, those two languages show a list of words suspected of having *kV- fossilized onto them.

  • Chinese: 瘈 (OC *k(ə)-tet-s (Sagart 2021), “mad, rabid (of dogs)”), 筐 (OC *k-pʰaŋ (B-S), “square basket”), 囧 / 冏 (OC *k-mraŋʔ (B-S), “bright window”), 鬼 (OC *k-ʔujʔ (B-S), “ghost”)
  • Bodish
    • Tibetic
      • Tibetan: གནག་པ (gnag pa, “black cattle”), གླུད (glud, “ransom ritual”), གྱོ (gyo, “deceit”), གཉེན (gnyen, “friend”), གཉོད (gnyod, “bride price”), གཟན (gzan, “animal food”), གཟུངས (gzungs, “dharani”), གཞོབ (gzhob, “burning”), དངུད་མོ (dngud mo, “wailing”), དངན་པ (dngan pa, “sorcery, evil”), དཀྱིལ (dkyil, “center”)
  • rGyalrongic
    • East rGyalrongic
      • Japhug: kɯ-, kɤ-
      • Situ: kə- (Cogtse)
      • Tshobdun: kə-, kɐ-
  • Jingpho-Asakian
    • Jingpho: ka- (adjective-forming prefix)
  • Tangkhulic
    • Tangkhul Naga: kha-, ka-
  • Newaric
    • Baraamu: कि-
  • Karbi: ki-, ke-, ka-

References

  1. ^ Konnerth, Linda (2016), “The Proto-Tibeto-Burman *gV- nominalizing prefix”, in Linguistics of the Tibeto-Burman Area‎[1], volume 39, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 3–32
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