Reconstruction:Proto-Semitic/šanat-

This Proto-Semitic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Semitic

Noun

*šanat- f

year
season

Inflection

Declension of *šanat-
case	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*šanatum	*šanatāna	*šanātum
accusative	*šanatam	*šanatayna	*šanātim
genitive	*šanatim	*šanatayna	*šanātim

possessive forms
1^st person	šanatī / šanatVya	—	*šanatVni
2^nd person m	*šanatVka	šanatVkumā / šanatVkumay	*šanatVkum(ū)
2^nd person f	*šanatVki	šanatVkumā / šanatVkumay	*šanatVkin(ā)
3^rd person m	*šanatVšu	šanatVšumā / šanatVšumay	*šanatVšum(ū)
3^rd person f	*šanatVša	šanatVšumā / šanatVšumay	*šanatVšin(ā)

the endings -m and -na are dropped in the bound form, which may also undergo syncopation of an unstressed final vowel where possible. Note: the ending -V before the possessive endings responds to case: *šanatuya for nom. case, *šanatiya for gen. case, *šanataya for acc. case, etc.

Descendants

East Semitic:
- Akkadian: 𒈬 (šattum)
West Semitic:
- Central Semitic:
  - Arabic: سَنَة (sana)
    - Egyptian Arabic: سنة (sána)
    - Gulf Arabic: سِنَة (sɪnə)
    - North Levantine Arabic: سنه (sini)
    - Maltese: sena
    - → Afar: sanát
    - → Azerbaijani: sənə
    - → Bengali: সন (śon)
    - → Harsusi: senet
    - → Hindi: सन् (san)
    - → Mehri: سنيت (senēt)
    - → Ottoman Turkish: سنه
      - Turkish: sene
    - → Persian: سنه
      - → Chagatai: سنه (snh /⁠sänä⁠/)
        Uzbek: sana
    - → Soqotri: sanah
    - → Tigre: ሰነት (sänät)
  - Northwest Semitic:
    - Aramaic: שַׁנְתָּא (šantā), שַׁתָּא (šattā)
      - Classical Syriac: ܫܰܢܬܴ݁ܐ (šantā)
      - Neo-Aramaic:
        Assyrian Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܢ݇ܬܵܐ (šētā)
        
        Chaldean Neo-Aramaic: ܫܹܐܬܵܐ (šeta), pl: ܫܢܐ (šǝnne)
        
        Lishana Deni: שאתא (šāta), pl: שניה (šǝnne)
        
        Lishanid Noshan: [script needed] (šāt), [script needed] (šana)
    - Canaanite:
      - Hebrew: שָׁנָה (shaná, šānâ)
      - Moabite: 𐤔𐤕 (št)
      - Phoenician: 𐤔𐤕 (št /⁠šat⁠/)
        Punic: 𐤔𐤕 (št /⁠šat⁠/)
    - Ugaritic: 𐎌𐎐𐎚 (šnt /⁠šanatu⁠/)

References

Huehnergard, John (2019), “Proto-Semitic”, in Huehnergard, John and Na'ama Pat-El, editors, The Semitic Languages, 2nd edition, Routledge, →ISBN