Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/sūō
Proto-Italic
Etymology
Perhaps from earlier *sūjō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *syewh₁-, but the exact formation is uncertain; maybe from *syewh₁-ye-ti with dissimilatory syncope, if not from an alternative root shape *sewh₁- found also in Indo-Aryan. Cognates include Sanskrit सीव्यति (sī́vyati), सूत्र (sū́tra, “thread, yarn, string; rule”), Lithuanian siūti, and Old English siwian (English sew).
It is unclear how both the PIE root and the jō-stem verb resulted in Latin su-, as opposed to si- or siv-.
Verb
*sūō first-singular present indicative[1]
Inflection
| Inflection of *sūō (third conjugation) | ||
|---|---|---|
| Present | *sūō | |
| Perfect | — | |
| Aorist | — | |
| Past participle | *sūtos | |
| Present indicative | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *sūō | *sūōr |
| 2nd sing. | *sūes | *sūezo |
| 3rd sing. | *sūet | *sūetor |
| 1st plur. | *sūomos | *sūomor |
| 2nd plur. | *sūetes | *sūem(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *sūont | *sūontor |
| Present subjunctive | Active | Passive |
| 1st sing. | *sūām | *sūār |
| 2nd sing. | *sūās | *sūāzo |
| 3rd sing. | *sūād | *sūātor |
| 1st plur. | *sūāmos | *sūāmor |
| 2nd plur. | *sūātes | *sūām(e?)n(ai?) |
| 3rd plur. | *sūānd | *sūāntor |
| Perfect indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Aorist indicative | Active | |
| 1st sing. | — | |
| 2nd sing. | — | |
| 3rd sing. | — | |
| 1st plur. | — | |
| 2nd plur. | — | |
| 3rd plur. | — | |
| Present imperative | Active | Passive |
| 2nd sing. | *sūe | *sūezo |
| 2nd plur. | *sūete | — |
| Future imperative | Active | |
| 2nd + 3rd sing. | *sūetōd | |
| Participles | Present | Past |
| *sūents | *sūtos | |
| Verbal nouns | tu-derivative | s-derivative |
| *sūtum | *sūezi | |
Descendants
- Latin: suō
References
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “suō, -ere”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 600