Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ser-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root 1

  • *ser-[1]

    2. to flow

    Extensions

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (flow) (4 c, 0 e)
    • *ser-o-
      • Proto-Italic: *serom (“serum, whey”)
        • Latin: serum (see there for further descendants)
      • →? Proto-Finnic: *hëra (“whey”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *sor-o-
      • Proto-Hellenic: *horós (“serum, whey”)
        • Ancient Greek: ὀρός (orós) (see there for further descendants)
    • *sor-méh₂
      • Proto-Hellenic: *hοrmā́
        • Ancient Greek: ὁρμή (hormḗ) (see there for further descendants)
    Unsorted formations
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • >? Proto-Indo-Iranian:
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Sanskrit: सिरा (sirā́, “stream, channel; vessel in the body”) (see there for further descendants)

    Descendants

    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *sar- (partly; merged with *sel- (“to spring”))
      • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *sar-

    Root 2

  • *ser-[2][3][4]

    2. to guard, take care
    4. to take care of

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (guard) (8 c, 0 e)
    • *ser-wo-s
      • Proto-Italic: *serwos (or perhaps from the sense “to bind” below)
        • Old Latin: servos
          • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ *ser-w-eh₂-ye-ti
        • >? Proto-Hellenic: *hrūomai, *hehrūomai
        • Proto-Italic: *serwāō
          • Latin: servō (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Slavic: *sьrbъ

    Root 3

  • *ser-[5][6][7]

    2. to bind, tie together
    3. thread

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (bind) (12 c, 0 e)
    • *sér-e-ti (thematic root present)[7]
    • *sér-ye-ti (ye-present)
    • *sér-mn̥ ~ *sér-mō
      • Proto-Hellenic: *hérmə
      • Proto-Italic: *sermō
        • Latin: sermō (see there for further descendants)
    • *sér-ti-s
      • Proto-Italic: *sortis
        • Latin: sors (see there for further descendants)
    • *sór-mo-s
    • *ser-wo-s
      • >? Proto-Italic: *serwos (or from the sense “to guard” above)
        • Latin: servus (see there for further descendants)
    • *sor-wo-m
      • Proto-Germanic: *sarwą (“equipment, armour”) (possibly)(or from the sense “to guard” above) (see there for further descendants)
        • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *gasarwiją
          • Old High German: gisarawi
            • Middle High German: geserwe
          • Old Norse: sørvi
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Albanian: *surmā
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Germanic: *sarkiz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Latin: seriēs (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Tocharian:
      • Tocharian A: sar-

    Root 4

  • *ser-[9]

    2. to take, to grasp, seize
    3. to steal, plunder; booty
      Synonym: *klep-

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ser- (take) (7 c, 0 e)
    • *sr̥-yé-ti (ye-present)[9]
      • Proto-Hellenic: *həřřō, ⇒ Proto-Hellenic: *həřřéyō
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *sertéi
        • Latvian: sirt (“to loot”) (1sg.: siŗu)
    • *sór-u-[10]
      • Proto-Anatolian: *sōru-
        • Hittite: 𒊭𒀀𒊒 (sāru, “booty, plunder”)
        • Luwian:
          Anatolian hieroglyphic script: 𔐫𔗔𔗑𔗔 (sarusa, nom./acc.sg.)
          Cuneiform script: 𒊭𒊒𒍑𒊭 (šarūša, “loot, plunder”, nom./acc.sg.)
    • *ser-weh₂-
      • Proto-Celtic: *serwā (“theft, plundering”) (see there for further descendants)

    See also

    References

    1. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, pages 909-910
    2. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “1.*ser- 'aufpassen auf, beschützen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 534
    3. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “2. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 910
    4. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*har¹ 'to guard, observe'”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 129-130
    5. ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “2. *ser- 'aneinander reihen, verknüpfen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 534-535
    6. ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “4. ser-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 911
    7. ↑ 7.0 7.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “serō, -ere 2”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 557-558
    8. ^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “sērt”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 549
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “3. *ser- 'nehmen, ergreifen'”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 535
    10. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “šāru-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 738–739
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