Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/pr̥h₂wós

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *preh₂- (“before, in front”) +‎ *-wós.

Adjective

*pr̥h₂wós[1][2]

  1. first

Alternative reconstructions

Inflection

Thematic
masculine feminine
nominative *pr̥h₂wós *pr̥h₂wéh₂
genitive *pr̥h₂wósyo *pr̥h₂wéh₂s
masculine singular dual plural
nominative *pr̥h₂wós *pr̥h₂wóh₁ *pr̥h₂wóes
vocative *pr̥h₂wé *pr̥h₂wóh₁ *pr̥h₂wóes
accusative *pr̥h₂wóm *pr̥h₂wóh₁ *pr̥h₂wóms
genitive *pr̥h₂wósyo *? *pr̥h₂wóHom
ablative *pr̥h₂wéad *? *pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
dative *pr̥h₂wóey *? *pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
locative *pr̥h₂wéy, *pr̥h₂wóy *? *pr̥h₂wóysu
instrumental *pr̥h₂wóh₁ *? *pr̥h₂wṓys
feminine singular dual plural
nominative *pr̥h₂wéh₂ *pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e) *pr̥h₂wéh₂es
vocative *pr̥h₂wéh₂ *pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e) *pr̥h₂wéh₂es
accusative *pr̥h₂wā́m *pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁(e) *pr̥h₂wéh₂m̥s
genitive *pr̥h₂wéh₂s *? *pr̥h₂wéh₂oHom
ablative *pr̥h₂wéh₂s *? *pr̥h₂wéh₂mos, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰos
dative *pr̥h₂wéh₂ey *? *pr̥h₂wéh₂mos, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰos
locative *pr̥h₂wéh₂, *pr̥h₂wéh₂i *? *pr̥h₂wéh₂su
instrumental *pr̥h₂wéh₂h₁ *? *pr̥h₂wéh₂mis, *pr̥h₂wéh₂bʰis
neuter singular dual plural
nominative *pr̥h₂wóm *pr̥h₂wóy(h₁) *pr̥h₂wéh₂
vocative *pr̥h₂wóm *pr̥h₂wóy(h₁) *pr̥h₂wéh₂
accusative *pr̥h₂wóm *pr̥h₂wóy(h₁) *pr̥h₂wéh₂
genitive *pr̥h₂wósyo *? *pr̥h₂wóHom
ablative *pr̥h₂wéad *? *pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
dative *pr̥h₂wóey *? *pr̥h₂wómos, *pr̥h₂wóbʰos
locative *pr̥h₂wéy, *pr̥h₂wóy *? *pr̥h₂wóysu
instrumental *pr̥h₂wóh₁ *? *pr̥h₂wṓys

Descendants

  • >? Proto-Albanian: *paru
  • Proto-Armenian:
    • Old Armenian: հարաւ (haraw) (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *pírˀwas[5]
  • ⇒ Proto-Germanic: *furwōstaz, *furwistaz
  • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *pr̥Hwás (see there for further descendants)
  • Proto-Tocharian: *pärwe[1]
    • Tocharian A: pärwat (with -t from the other ordinal numbers)
    • Tocharian B: parwe

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), “parwe”, in A Dictionary of Tocharian B: Revised and Greatly Enlarged (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, New York: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 383: “PTch *pärwe; PIE *pr̥hₐwó-”
  2. ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 653
  3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “πρῷρα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1244-1245
  4. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “pū́rva-”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, pages 401-2
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Derksen, Rick (2015), “pirmas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 357-358
  6. ^ Derksen, Rick (2008), “*pьrvъ”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 430: “num. o ‘first’”
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