Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/lowkéyeti

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

From *lewk- +‎ *-éyeti.

Verb

*lowkéyeti (imperfective)^[1]^[2]

to light up

Conjugation

Imperfective, thematic
3rd singular	*lowkéyeti
3rd plural	*lowkéyonti
Active voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*lowkéyoh₂	*lowkéyom	—	*lowkéyōh₂	*lowkéyoyh₁m̥
2nd singular	*lowkéyesi	*lowkéyes	*lowkéye	*lowkéyēsi	*lowkéyoys
3rd singular	*lowkéyeti	*lowkéyet	*lowkéyetu	*lowkéyēti	*lowkéyoyt
1st dual	*lowkéyowos	*lowkéyowe	—	*lowkéyōwos	*lowkéyoywe
2nd dual	*lowkéyetes	*lowkéyetom	*lowkéyetom	*lowkéyētes	*lowkéyoytom
3rd dual	*lowkéyetes	*lowkéyetām	*lowkéyetām	*lowkéyētes	*lowkéyoytām
1st plural	*lowkéyomos	*lowkéyome	—	*lowkéyōmos	*lowkéyoyme
2nd plural	*lowkéyete	*lowkéyete	*lowkéyete	*lowkéyēte	*lowkéyoyte
3rd plural	*lowkéyonti	*lowkéyont	*lowkéyontu	*lowkéyōnti	*lowkéyoyh₁n̥t

Participle	*lowkéyonts
Middle voice	Present indicative	Past indicative	Imperative	Subjunctive	Optative
1st singular	*lowkéyoh₂er	*lowkéyoh₂e	—	*lowkéyōh₂er	*lowkéyoyh₂e
2nd singular	*lowkéyeth₂er	*lowkéyeth₂e	*lowkéyeso	*lowkéyēth₂er	*lowkéyoyth₂e
3rd singular	*lowkéyetor	*lowkéyeto	*?	*lowkéyētor	lowkéyoyto, lowkéyoyh₁o
1st dual	*lowkéyowosdʰh₂	*lowkéyowedʰh₂	—	*lowkéyōwosdʰh₂	*lowkéyoywedʰh₂
2nd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
3rd dual	*?	*?	*?	*?	*?
1st plural	*lowkéyomosdʰh₂	*lowkéyomedʰh₂	—	*lowkéyōmosdʰh₂	*lowkéyoymedʰh₂
2nd plural	*lowkéyedʰh₂we	*lowkéyedʰh₂we	*lowkéyedʰh₂we	*lowkéyēdʰh₂we	*lowkéyoydʰh₂we
3rd plural	*lowkéyontor	*lowkéyonto	*?	*lowkéyōntor	*lowkéyoyro

Participle	*lowkéyomnos

Reconstruction notes

Hittite lu-uk-ki-ez-zi is sometimes connected with this term,^[3] though Kloekhorst rejects this theory.^[4]

Descendants

Proto-Italic: *loukeō^[5]^[6]
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *lawčáyati, *rawčáyati
- Proto-Indo-Aryan: *lawćáyati, *rawćáyati
  - Sanskrit: लोचयति (locáyati), रोचयति (rocáyati, “to make shine, illuminate”)^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]
- Proto-Iranian: *rawčáyati^[12]
  - Avestan: 𐬭𐬀𐬊𐬗𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬈𐬌𐬙𐬌 (raocaiieⁱti, “to make shine”)^[13]
Proto-Balto-Slavic: *láukīˀtei
- Proto-Slavic: *lučìti^[14]
>? Proto-Anatolian:
- >? Hittite: 𒇻𒊌𒆠𒄑𒍣

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 418-419
^ Bowern, Claire (2017–2018), “Chapter I: General and methodological issues”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § Comparison and relationship of languages, pages 2164-2165
^ Jay H. Jasanoff (3 July 2003), Hittite and the Indo-European Verb‎^[1], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 14
^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532
^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 504
^ Matasović, Ranko (1 December 2013), “Latin paenitet me, miseret me, pudet me and active clause alignment in Proto-Indo-European”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[2], volume 118, number 2013, →DOI, →ISSN, page 106
^ Chiara Bozzone (30 October 2020), “Reconstructing the PIE causative in a cross-linguistic perspective”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[3] (in American English), volume 8, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 42-43
^ Kanehiro Nishimura (1 October 2023), “Iterative or stative? New morphosemantic analyses of Latin lūgeō ‘mourn’ and doleō ‘feel pain’”, in Journal of Latin Linguistics‎^[4], volume 22, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 205
^ Douglas Adams (2012), “Shedding light on *leuk- in Tocharian and Hittite and the wider implications of reconstructing its Indo-European morphology”, in Tocharian and Indo-European Studies‎^[5], volume 13, page 50
^ John J. Lowe; Adriana Molina Muñoz; Antonia Ruppel (19 February 2020), The Syntax of Sanskrit Causatives‎^[6], page 2
^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316
^ Anna Giacalone Ramat and Paolo Ramat, editors (1998), The Indo-European Languages, page 50
^ Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, pages 418-419

[2] Bowern, Claire (2017–2018), “Chapter I: General and methodological issues”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § Comparison and relationship of languages, pages 2164-2165

[3] Jay H. Jasanoff (3 July 2003), Hittite and the Indo-European Verb‎^[1], Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 14

[4] Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 532

[5] De Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 356

[6] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 504

[7] Matasović, Ranko (1 December 2013), “Latin paenitet me, miseret me, pudet me and active clause alignment in Proto-Indo-European”, in Indogermanische Forschungen‎^[2], volume 118, number 2013, →DOI, →ISSN, page 106

[8] Chiara Bozzone (30 October 2020), “Reconstructing the PIE causative in a cross-linguistic perspective”, in Indo-European Linguistics‎^[3] (in American English), volume 8, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 42-43

[9] Kanehiro Nishimura (1 October 2023), “Iterative or stative? New morphosemantic analyses of Latin lūgeō ‘mourn’ and doleō ‘feel pain’”, in Journal of Latin Linguistics‎^[4], volume 22, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 205

[10] Douglas Adams (2012), “Shedding light on *leuk- in Tocharian and Hittite and the wider implications of reconstructing its Indo-European morphology”, in Tocharian and Indo-European Studies‎^[5], volume 13, page 50

[11] John J. Lowe; Adriana Molina Muñoz; Antonia Ruppel (19 February 2020), The Syntax of Sanskrit Causatives‎^[6], page 2

[12] Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 316

[13] Anna Giacalone Ramat and Paolo Ramat, editors (1998), The Indo-European Languages, page 50

[14] Derksen, Rick (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden; Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 290

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