Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃órbʰos

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology

  • From *h₃erbʰ- (“to change allegiance, status, ownership”) +‎ *-os.

    Noun

    *h₃órbʰos m

    1. orphan
    2. servant, slave, worker

    Inflection

    Thematic
    singular
    nominative *h₃órbʰos
    genitive *h₃órbʰosyo
    singular dual plural
    nominative *h₃órbʰos *h₃órbʰoh₁ *h₃órbʰoes
    vocative *h₃órbʰe *h₃órbʰoh₁ *h₃órbʰoes
    accusative *h₃órbʰom *h₃órbʰoh₁ *h₃órbʰoms
    genitive *h₃órbʰosyo *? *h₃órbʰoHom
    ablative *h₃órbʰead *? *h₃órbʰomos, *h₃órbʰobʰos
    dative *h₃órbʰoey *? *h₃órbʰomos, *h₃órbʰobʰos
    locative *h₃órbʰey, *h₃órbʰoy *? *h₃órbʰoysu
    instrumental *h₃órbʰoh₁ *? *h₃órbʰōys

    Descendants

    • Proto-Armenian:
      • Old Armenian: որբ (orb) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Balto-Slavic: *arbas
      • Proto-Slavic: *orbъ (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Germanic: *arbaz (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Hellenic:
      • ⇒ Ancient Greek: ὀρφανός (orphanós) (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Italic: *orβos
      • Latin: orbus (see there for further descendants)
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Hárbʰas (see there for further descendants)
    • → Proto-Uralic: *orpa (or independently loaned into some branches)
      • Proto-Samic: *oarpēs (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Mordvinic:
      • Proto-Finnic: *orpoi (see there for further descendants)
      • Khanty:
        • Eastern Khanty: йәӈкурвы (jəṇkurwy)
      • Hungarian: árva

    References

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