Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-wénts

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Suffix

*(Ø)-wénts^[1]^[2]^[3]

Forms possessive adjectives from nominal stems.

Inflection

Athematic, hysterokinetic
	masculine	feminine
nominative	*(Ø)-wénts	*(Ø)-wéntih₂
genitive	*(Ø)-wn̥tés	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂s
masculine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-wénts	*(Ø)-wénth₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntes
vocative	*(Ø)-wént	*(Ø)-wénth₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntes
accusative	*(Ø)-wéntm̥	*(Ø)-wénth₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntm̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-wn̥tés	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-wn̥tés	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmós, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰós
dative	*(Ø)-wn̥téy	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmós, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰós
locative	(Ø)-wént, (Ø)-wénti	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tsú
instrumental	*(Ø)-wn̥téh₁	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmís, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰís
feminine	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-wéntih₂	*(Ø)-wéntih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntih₂es
vocative	*(Ø)-wéntih₂	*(Ø)-wéntih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntih₂es
accusative	*(Ø)-wéntih₂m̥	*(Ø)-wéntih₂h₁(e)	*(Ø)-wéntih₂m̥s
genitive	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂s	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂oHom
ablative	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂s	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂mos, (Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂bʰos
dative	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂ey	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂mos, (Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂bʰos
locative	(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂, (Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂i	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂su
instrumental	*(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂h₁	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂mis, (Ø)-wn̥tyéh₂bʰis
neuter	singular	dual	plural
nominative	*(Ø)-wént	*(Ø)-wéntih₁	*(Ø)-wénth₂
vocative	*(Ø)-wént	*(Ø)-wéntih₁	*(Ø)-wénth₂
accusative	*(Ø)-wént	*(Ø)-wéntih₁	*(Ø)-wénth₂
genitive	*(Ø)-wn̥tés	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tóHom
ablative	*(Ø)-wn̥tés	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmós, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰós
dative	*(Ø)-wn̥téy	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmós, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰós
locative	(Ø)-wént, (Ø)-wénti	*?	*(Ø)-wn̥tsú
instrumental	*(Ø)-wn̥téh₁	*?	(Ø)-wn̥tmís, (Ø)-wn̥tbʰís

Derived terms

Category Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-wénts not found

*-ment-s^[4] (dissimilated after *-u-^[5])
- Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-mants
  - Proto-Indo-Aryan:
    - Sanskrit: -मत् (-mat)
  - Proto-Iranian:
    - Avestan: -𐬨𐬀𐬥𐬝 (-mant̰)
    - Persian: ـمند (-mand)
^? *-went-to-s
- Proto-Italic:
  - ⇒ Latin: -ōsus

Descendants

Proto-Anatolian: *-wants
- Hittite: -𒉿𒀭𒍝
Proto-Hellenic: *-wénts
- Ancient Greek: -εις (-eis)
Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-wants (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Lipp, Reiner (2009), Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 222
^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 354-5
^ Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 63
^ Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2124
^ Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎^[2] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, 708b, page 880

[1] Lipp, Reiner (2009), Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni (Indogermanische Bibliothek; 3) (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Winter, page 222

[2] Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, pages 354-5

[3] Ringe, Donald (2006), From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic (A Linguistic History of English; 1)‎^[1], Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 63

[4] Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2124

[5] Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)‎^[2] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, 708b, page 880

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