Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱley-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Etymology 1

  • Reanalysed root of *ḱléyti, from *ḱel- (“to cover”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).

    Root

    *ḱley-

    2. to shelter, cover
    Derived terms
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (cover) (12 c, 0 e)
    • *ḱléy-tis ~ *ḱli-téys
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:
        • Lithuanian: šliti̇̀s (“shove-shed”)
    • *ḱléy-treh₂
    • *ḱloyw-ó-s
    • *ḱli-tó-m
    • *ḱli-tó-s (“covered, sheltered”)

    Etymology 2

  • Reanalysed root of *ḱléyti, from *ḱel- (“to incline”) +‎ *-éyti (*éy-present suffix).[1][2]

    Root

    *ḱley-[1][3][4]

    2. to lean, slope, incline
    Derived terms
    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱley- (incline) (23 c, 0 e)
    • *ḱléy-t ~ *ḱli-ént (root aorist)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan:
        • Proto-Indo-Iranian:
          • ⇒ Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬯𐬭𐬍𐬙𐬀 (nisrīta, “to bring to, assign”, 3sg.inj.mid.)
      • Proto-Italic: *klient- (“who supports, who depends”, act.ptc.)[5]
    • *ḱléy-e-ti (“to lean”, thematic root present)[3][2]
    • *ḱl̥-né-y-ti ~ *ḱl̥-n-y-énti (nasal-infix present)
    • *ḱli-néw-ti ~ *ḱli-nw-énti (new-present)[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćrináwti (“to lean”)
        • Proto-Iranian: *crináwtī
          • Avestan: 𐬥𐬌𐬯𐬭𐬌𐬥𐬀𐬊𐬨𐬌 (nisrinaomi, “to lean”, 1sg.pres.)
    • *ḱe-ḱlóy-e ~ *ḱe-ḱli-ḗr (reduplicated perfect)[3]
      • Proto-Hellenic:
        • Ancient Greek: κέκλιται (kéklitai)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćićrā́ya
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śiśrā́ya
          • Sanskrit: शिश्राय (śiśrā́ya)
    • *ḱléy-mn̥
      • Proto-Hellenic: *klímə
        • Ancient Greek: κλίμα (klíma, “slope, inclination; clime”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱléy-o-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *kliyos (“left side”)[6] (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱley-téh₂[1][7]
    • *ḱley-wó-s (“sloped”)[8]
    • *ḱli-tós (“leaning, sloped”)
    • *ḱlóy-dʰro-m
      • Proto-Germanic: *hlaidrijō (“ladder”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱlóy-neh₂
      • Proto-Albanian: *klaina
        • Albanian: qye (“peak, summit”)
    • *ḱloy-w-ó-m[9][8]
      • Proto-Germanic: *hlaiwą (“hill, burial mound”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ḱleyn-
      • Proto-Armenian:
    Unsorted formations
    • Proto-Armenian:
    • Proto-Celtic: *kleibos
      • Old Irish: clíab
    • Proto-Celtic: *klitrā[10]
    • Proto-Italic:
      • Latin: clēmēns (see there for further descendants)
    Descendants
    • Proto-Indo-Iranian:

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), Bern, München: Francke Verlag
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*hlinēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 231: “*ḱli-n-eh₁-”
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*ḱlei̯-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 332
    4. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱley- 'lean, slope'”
    5. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*cliēns, -tis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 120
    6. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klēyo-”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207
    7. ^ Delamarre, Xavier (2003), “klētā”, in Dictionnaire de la langue gauloise: une approche linguistique du vieux-celtique continental [Dictionary of the Gaulish language: A linguistic approach to Old Continental Celtic] (Collection des Hespérides; 9), 2nd edition, Éditions Errance, →ISBN, page 207: “*ḱley-t-”
    8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “*clīvus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 122: “*ḱloi-uo- 'slope, hill' or *ḱlei-u̯o- 'sloping'”
    9. ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 54: “*ḱloy-wo- 'slope, rise'”
    10. ^ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “cledr”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
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