Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰes-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

Root

  • *ǵʰes-[1][2]

    1. hand
    2. to take, give in exchange

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵʰes- (40 c, 0 e)

    Descendants

    • *ǵʰésr̥ ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[3][4][2] or *ǵʰés-ōr ~ *ǵʰes-r-és[2][5] or *ǵʰs-ḗr ~ *ǵʰs-r-és[5]
    • *ǵʰés-lom (“heap, thousand”)[2][6][7]
    • *ǵʰós-to-s[8][2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰástas (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Italic: *hos-tos
        • Latin: hostus (“the yield of olive from a single pressing”)
    • *ǵʰós-tu-s
      • Proto-Celtic: *gostus
        • ⇒ *ad-gostus (“near”, literally “at hand”) (see there for further descendants)
    • *ǵʰos-t-i-yo-[2]

    References

    1. ^ Fortson, Benjamin W. (2004), Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction, first edition, Oxford: Blackwell
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), “*g̑ʰes-”, in Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon [Nouns in the Indo-European Lexicon] (in German), Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, pages 170-172
    3. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χείρ, χειρός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 1620-1621
    4. ^ Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “keššar / kiššer- / kišr-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 545-547
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “ṣar*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN
    6. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “mīlle”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 379-380
    7. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “χίλιοι”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page volume-I of 1633-1634
    8. ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “hostus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 292
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