Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/liudiz

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *h₁léwdʰis (“people”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₁lewdʰ- (“to grow (up)”).^[1] Doublet of *lūdiz.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ˈliu̯.ðiz/

Noun

*liudiz m or f

(in the singular) man, person
(in the plural) men, people

Inflection

Declension of *liudiz (i-stem)
	singular	plural
nominative	*liudiz	*liudīz
vocative	*liudi	*liudīz
accusative	*liudį	*liudinz
genitive	*liudīz	*liudijǫ̂
dative	*liudī	*liudimaz
instrumental	*liudī	*liudimiz

Derived terms

*Liudibalþaz
- German: Leopold
  - → English: Leopold
*Liudiharjaz
- German: Luther
  - → English: Luther

Related terms

Descendants

Proto-West Germanic: *liudi
- Old English: lēod
  - ⇒ Old English: lēode, lēoda m
    - Middle English: lede, leed, leod, leode
      - English: lede (obsolete)
      - Middle Scots: leid
- Old Frisian: liōd, liūde, liōde m
  - Saterland Frisian: ljode
    - Saterland Frisian: Ljuude
  - West Frisian: lie, lju, ljuwe
- Old Saxon: liud, liudi m
  - Middle Low German: lüde, luede, luide
    - Low German: Lüde
      - German Low German: Lühde pl, Lühd pl, Lüüde pl, Lüüd pl, Lüüt pl, Lüü pl
        Westphalian:
        Paderbornisch: Luie pl
- Old Dutch: liut, liudi
  - Middle Dutch: liede
    - Dutch: lieden
- → Medieval Latin: leodēs, leudēs
  - → French: leude
  - → English: leud
- Old High German: liut m or f or n, liuti m pl
  - Middle High German: liut
    - Alemannic German: Lüüte
    - Central Franconian: Löck, Lück (Kölsch, northernmost Ripuarian), Lüü (western Ripuarian), Lie (Siegerland), Leut, Lütt (parts of Eifel, former also northern Westerwald), Lekt (westernmost Eifel), Leit (most of Moselle Franconian)
    - German: Leute pl
    - Hunsrik: Leit
    - Luxembourgish: Leit
    - Vilamovian: łaojt
    - Yiddish: לײַט (layt)
Old Norse: lýðr m, ljóðr
- Icelandic: ljóður, lýður
- Faroese: -lýður (in borgarlýður, kirkjulýður, undirlýður), lýð- (in lýðveldi)
- Norn: lø
- Norwegian Nynorsk: lyd
- Old Swedish: lyþir m pl
- Old Gutnish: lyþir m pl
  - Gutnish: löid
- → Middle English: lith, lyth
  - Scots: lythe
  - English: lith
Gothic: *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌸𐍃 (*liuþs), *𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 (*liudeis)
- → Latin: leodes (in the Lex Visigothorum), leudes (possibly)
  - → English: leud
  - → French: leude
→ Proto-Finnic: *liuta (see there for further descendants)

References

^ Derksen, Rick (2015), “liaudis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281: “*ljoud-i-”

[1] Derksen, Rick (2015), “liaudis”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 281: “*ljoud-i-”

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