Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/granjōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

Possibly related to *grīnaną and *grainōną.

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): /ˈɣrɑn.jɔː.nɑ̃/

Verb

*granjōną[1]

  1. to howl
  2. to show one's teeth (in pain or anger)

Inflection

Conjugation of *granjōną (weak class 2)
active voice passive voice
present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
1st singular *granjō *granjǭ — *granjōi ?
2nd singular *granjōsi *granjōs *granjō *granjōsai *granjōsau
3rd singular *granjōþi *granjō *granjōþau *granjōþai *granjōþau
1st dual *granjōs *granjōw — — —
2nd dual *granjōþiz *granjōþiz *granjōþiz — —
1st plural *granjōmaz *granjōm — *granjōnþai *granjōnþau
2nd plural *granjōþ *granjōþ *granjōþ *granjōnþai *granjōnþau
3rd plural *granjōnþi *granjōn *granjōnþau *granjōnþai *granjōnþau
past tense indicative subjunctive
1st singular *granjōdǭ *granjōdēdį̄
2nd singular *granjōdēz *granjōdēdīz
3rd singular *granjōdē *granjōdēdī
1st dual *granjōdēdū *granjōdēdīw
2nd dual *granjōdēdudiz *granjōdēdīdiz
1st plural *granjōdēdum *granjōdēdīm
2nd plural *granjōdēdud *granjōdēdīd
3rd plural *granjōdēdun *granjōdēdīn
present past
participles *granjōndz *granjōdaz
  • *granatjaną
    • Old Norse: gretta

Descendants

  • Proto-West Germanic: *grannjōn, *granjōn, *granōn
    • Old English: grennian
    • Old Saxon: *grenōn, *grennōn
      • Middle Low German: *grēnen, *grennen
        • ⇒ Middle Low German: grēneken, grenneken
    • Old Dutch: *grenon, *grennon
      • Middle Dutch: grēnen
        • Dutch: grinnen
        • ⇒ Middle Dutch: grēniken
    • Old High German: granōn, grennōn
  • Old Norse: grenja
    • Icelandic: grenja
    • Faroese: grenja
    • Norwegian Nynorsk: grenje, grenja
    • Old Swedish: gränia, gränna
      • Swedish: gränja
      • >? Swedish: grinna

References

  1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*ʒranjōjanan”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 140
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