Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-lōną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

  • (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /-lɔː.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *-lōną

    1. frequentative verbal suffix; indicating repetition

    Inflection

    Conjugation of *-lōną (weak class 2)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *-lō *-lǭ *-lōi ?
    2nd singular *-lōsi *-lōs *-lō *-lōsai *-lōsau
    3rd singular *-lōþi *-lō *-lōþau *-lōþai *-lōþau
    1st dual *-lōs *-lōw
    2nd dual *-lōþiz *-lōþiz *-lōþiz
    1st plural *-lōmaz *-lōm *-lōnþai *-lōnþau
    2nd plural *-lōþ *-lōþ *-lōþ *-lōnþai *-lōnþau
    3rd plural *-lōnþi *-lōn *-lōnþau *-lōnþai *-lōnþau
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *-lōdǭ *-lōdēdį̄
    2nd singular *-lōdēz *-lōdēdīz
    3rd singular *-lōdē *-lōdēdī
    1st dual *-lōdēdū *-lōdēdīw
    2nd dual *-lōdēdudiz *-lōdēdīdiz
    1st plural *-lōdēdum *-lōdēdīm
    2nd plural *-lōdēdud *-lōdēdīd
    3rd plural *-lōdēdun *-lōdēdīn
    present past
    participles *-lōndz *-lōdaz

    Derived terms

    Descendants

    • Old English: -lian
      • Middle English: -lien, -len, -elen (merged with all other verbs)
        • English: -le (unproductive)
    • Old Frisian: -lia, -lja
    • Old Saxon: -lōn
    • Old Dutch: -lon
      • Middle Dutch: -elen (merged with all other verbs)
    • Old High German: -lōn
      • Middle High German: -eln
        • German: -eln (merged with all other verbs)
    • Old Norse: -la
      • Icelandic: -la
      • Faroese: -la
      • Norwegian:
        • Norwegian Bokmål: -le
        • Norwegian Nynorsk: -la
      • Swedish: -la
      • Danish: -le