Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/vaihtadak
Proto-Finnic
Alternative reconstructions
- *vajëhtadak
Etymology
From *vajëh + *-tadak, from Proto-Finno-Permic *waješe-, compare Eastern Mari вашталташ (vaštaltaš), Udmurt воштыны (voštyny) and Komi-Permyak вежны (vežny).
Verb
*vaihtadak (stem *vaihta-)
- to change
Inflection
Inflection of *vaihtadak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *vaihtan | *vaihtoin | — | *vaihtagon |
| 2nd sing. | *vaihtat | *vaihtoit | *vaihtak | *vaihtagos |
| 3rd sing. | *vaihtabi *vaihta |
*vaihtoi | *vaihtagasën | *vaihtagosën |
| 1st plur. | *vaihtakma | *vaihtoima | *vaihtagatëma | *vaihtagotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *vaihtakta | *vaihtoida | *vaihtagata | *vaihtagotta |
| 3rd plur. | *vaihtabat *vaihta |
*vaihtoi | *vaihtagasën | *vaihtagosën |
| passive | *vaihtaksën *vaihtat'aksën |
*vaihtadisën *vaihtattisën |
*vaihtadakahën *vaihtattakahën |
*vaihtadakohën *vaihtattakohën |
| connegative | *vaihtak | — | *vaihtagak | *vaihtagok |
| passive connegative | *vaihtaktak | — | *vaihtadagak *vaihtattagak |
*vaihtadagok *vaihtattagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *vaihtakcin | *vaihtoicin | *vaihtanën | |
| 2nd sing. | *vaihtakcit | *vaihtoicit | *vaihtanët | |
| 3rd sing. | *vaihtakci | *vaihtoici | *vaihtani | |
| 1st plur. | *vaihtakcima | *vaihtoicima | *vaihtanëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *vaihtakcita | *vaihtoicita | *vaihtanëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *vaihtakci | *vaihtoici | *vaihtani | |
| passive | *vaihtadakcihën *vaihtat'akcihën |
*vaihtadicihën *vaihtatticihën |
*vaihtadanëhën *vaihtattanëhën | |
| connegative | *vaihtakcik | *vaihtoicik | *vaihtanëk | |
| passive connegative | *vaihtadakcik *vaihtat'akcik |
*vaihtadicik *vaihtatticik |
*vaihtadanëk *vaihtattanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *vaihtadak | present | *vaihtaba | *vaihtadapa *vaihtattapa |
| infinitive 2 | *vaihtadë- | past | *vaihtanut | *vaihtadu *vaihtattu |
| gerund/supine | *vaihtama | negative | *vaihtamat'oin | |
| action noun | *vaihtaminen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: vahetama/vahetada (with metathesis aih > ahe)
- Finnish: vaihtaa
- Ingrian: vaihtaa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: vajehtua
- South Karelian: vaihtua, vajehtua
- Livonian: va’idõ
- Livvi: vaihtua, vajehtua
- Ludian: vajehtada
- Veps: vajehtada
- Võro: vaihtama/vaihtaq
Further reading
- “vahetama”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “vaihtaa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][1] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN