Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/ulvodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Probably onomatopoeic.
Verb
*ulvodak (stem *ulvo-)[1]
- to howl
Inflection
Inflection of *ulvodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *ulvon | *ulvoin | — | *ulvogon |
| 2nd sing. | *ulvot | *ulvoit | *ulvok | *ulvogos |
| 3rd sing. | *ulvobi *ulvo |
*ulvoi | *ulvogasën | *ulvogosën |
| 1st plur. | *ulvokma | *ulvoima | *ulvogatëma | *ulvogotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *ulvokta | *ulvoida | *ulvogata | *ulvogotta |
| 3rd plur. | *ulvobat *ulvo |
*ulvoi | *ulvogasën | *ulvogosën |
| passive | *ulvoksën *ulvot'aksën |
*ulvodisën *ulvottisën |
*ulvodakahën *ulvottakahën |
*ulvodakohën *ulvottakohën |
| connegative | *ulvok | — | *ulvogak | *ulvogok |
| passive connegative | *ulvoktak | — | *ulvodagak *ulvottagak |
*ulvodagok *ulvottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *ulvokcin | *ulvoicin | *ulvonën | |
| 2nd sing. | *ulvokcit | *ulvoicit | *ulvonët | |
| 3rd sing. | *ulvokci | *ulvoici | *ulvoni | |
| 1st plur. | *ulvokcima | *ulvoicima | *ulvonëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *ulvokcita | *ulvoicita | *ulvonëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *ulvokci | *ulvoici | *ulvoni | |
| passive | *ulvodakcihën *ulvot'akcihën |
*ulvodicihën *ulvotticihën |
*ulvodanëhën *ulvottanëhën | |
| connegative | *ulvokcik | *ulvoicik | *ulvonëk | |
| passive connegative | *ulvodakcik *ulvot'akcik |
*ulvodicik *ulvotticik |
*ulvodanëk *ulvottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *ulvodak | present | *ulvoba | *ulvodapa *ulvottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *ulvodë- | past | *ulvonut | *ulvodu *ulvottu |
| gerund/supine | *ulvoma | negative | *ulvomat'oin | |
| action noun | *ulvominen | |||
Descendants
- Estonian: uluma/uluda
- Finnish: ulvoa
- Ingrian: ulvoa
- Karelian: ulvuo
- Livonian: u’llõ, (Salaca) ull
- Livvi: ulvuo
- Ludian: ulvada
- Votic: ulvoa
- ? → Proto-Samic: *(h)olvōtēk
References
Further reading
- “uluma”, in [ETY] Eesti etümoloogiasõnaraamat [Estonian Etymological Dictionary] (in Estonian) (online version), Tallinn: Eesti Keele Sihtasutus (Estonian Language Foundation), 2012