Reconstruction:Proto-Finnic/tarpodak
Proto-Finnic
Etymology
Unknown. Cognate with Proto-Samic *tuorpōtēk, from earlier *tarpa-w- (*tarpo-). Unlikely Germanic (from the same root as Swedish stör (“pole”)) and Baltic etymologies have been proposed. According to Metsäranta (2024), borrowed by metathesis from Proto-Germanic *þrabōną (“to trot”).[1]
Verb
*tarpodak (stem *tarpo-)[2]
Inflection
Inflection of *tarpodak
| Note: The Proto-Finnic conjugation system is yet to be reconstructed in detail. What is presented here is only one possibility. | ||||
| present | past | imperative | optative | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st sing. | *tarbon | *tarboin | — | *tarpogon |
| 2nd sing. | *tarbot | *tarboit | *tarbok | *tarpogos |
| 3rd sing. | *tarpobi *tarpo |
*tarpoi | *tarpogasën | *tarpogosën |
| 1st plur. | *tarbokma | *tarpoima | *tarpogatëma | *tarpogotëma |
| 2nd plur. | *tarbokta | *tarpoida | *tarpogata | *tarpogotta |
| 3rd plur. | *tarpobat *tarpo |
*tarpoi | *tarpogasën | *tarpogosën |
| passive | *tarboksën *tarbot'aksën |
*tarpodisën *tarbottisën |
*tarpodakahën *tarbottakahën |
*tarpodakohën *tarbottakohën |
| connegative | *tarbok | — | *tarpogak | *tarpogok |
| passive connegative | *tarboktak | — | *tarpodagak *tarbottagak |
*tarpodagok *tarbottagok |
| conditional 1 | conditional 2 | potential | ||
| 1st sing. | *tarbokcin | *tarpoicin | *tarponën | |
| 2nd sing. | *tarbokcit | *tarpoicit | *tarponët | |
| 3rd sing. | *tarbokci | *tarpoici | *tarponi | |
| 1st plur. | *tarbokcima | *tarpoicima | *tarponëma | |
| 2nd plur. | *tarbokcita | *tarpoicita | *tarponëta | |
| 3rd plur. | *tarbokci | *tarpoici | *tarponi | |
| passive | *tarpodakcihën *tarbot'akcihën |
*tarpodicihën *tarbotticihën |
*tarpodanëhën *tarbottanëhën | |
| connegative | *tarbokcik | *tarpoicik | *tarponëk | |
| passive connegative | *tarpodakcik *tarbot'akcik |
*tarpodicik *tarbotticik |
*tarpodanëk *tarbottanëk | |
| non-finite forms | infinitives/nouns | participles | ||
| active | passive | |||
| infinitive 1 | *tarpodak | present | *tarpoba | *tarpodapa *tarbottapa |
| infinitive 2 | *tarpodë- | past | *tarponut | *tarpodu *tarbottu |
| gerund/supine | *tarpoma | negative | *tarpomat'oin | |
| action noun | *tarpominen | |||
Descendants
- Finnish: tarpoa
- Ingrian: tarpoa
- Karelian:
- North Karelian: tarpuo
- South Karelian: tarbuo
- Livvi: tarbuo
- Ludian: tarboda
- Veps: tarboida
- Votic: (Mati) tarpoa
References
- ^ Metsäranta, Niklas: Ein Fall für zwei (oder drei) – Liquid metathesis substitution in Germanic loanwords in Finnic: old and new cases. E litoribus Balticis etymologiae. pp. 79-104. Uralica Helsingiensia 15. Helsinki 2024 [1]
- ^ Kallio, Petri (2020–), “*tarpo-”, in Yhteissuomalainen sanasto [Common Finnic Vocabulary][2] (in Finnish)
Further reading
- Itkonen, Erkki, Kulonen, Ulla-Maija, editors (1992–2000), “tarpoa”, in Suomen sanojen alkuperä [The Origin of Finnish Words][3] (in Finnish) (online version; note: also includes other etymological sources; this source is labeled "SSA 1992–2000"), Helsinki: Institute for the Languages of Finland/Finnish Literature Society, →ISBN