-थ
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- -ᬣ (Balinese script)
- -ထ (Burmese script)
- -थ (Devanagari script)
- -ਥ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌥 (Grantha script)
- -ꦡ (Javanese script)
- -𑂟 (Kaithi script)
- -ថ (Khmer script)
- -ຖ (Lao script)
- -ഥ (Malayalam script)
- -ᡨᠠ (Manchu script)
- -𑘞 (Modi script)
- -ᠲᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- -𑦾 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐠 (Newa script)
- -ଥ (Odia script)
- -ꢢ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆡 (Sharada script)
- -𑖞 (Siddham script)
- -ථ (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩬 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚚 (Takri script)
- -த² (Tamil script)
- -ถ (Thai script)
- -་ཐ (Tibetan script)
- -𑨚 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /tʰɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /t̪ʰɐ/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tHas. Cognate with Avestan -𐬚𐬀 (-θa). This etymology is incomplete. You can help Wiktionary by elaborating on the origins of this term.
Suffix
-थ • (-tha) m or n (feminine -था (-thā))[1][2]
Usage notes
The accent usually falls on the suffix.
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -थः (-thaḥ) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थाः (-thāḥ) -थासः¹ (-thāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | -थम् (-tham) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थान् (-thān) |
| instrumental | -थेन (-thena) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थैः (-thaiḥ) -थेभिः¹ (-thebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -थाय (-thāya) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -थात् (-thāt) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -थस्य (-thasya) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थानाम् (-thānām) |
| locative | -थे (-the) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थेषु (-theṣu) |
| vocative | -थ (-tha) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थाः (-thāḥ) -थासः¹ (-thāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -थम् (-tham) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
| accusative | -थम् (-tham) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
| instrumental | -थेन (-thena) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थैः (-thaiḥ) -थेभिः¹ (-thebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -थाय (-thāya) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -थात् (-thāt) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -थस्य (-thasya) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थानाम् (-thānām) |
| locative | -थे (-the) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थेषु (-theṣu) |
| vocative | -थ (-tha) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Derived terms
Related terms
- -अथ (-átha)
Suffix
- forms ordinals from some numerals
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -थः (-thaḥ) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थाः (-thāḥ) -थासः¹ (-thāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | -थम् (-tham) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थान् (-thān) |
| instrumental | -थेन (-thena) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थैः (-thaiḥ) -थेभिः¹ (-thebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -थाय (-thāya) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -थात् (-thāt) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -थस्य (-thasya) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थानाम् (-thānām) |
| locative | -थे (-the) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थेषु (-theṣu) |
| vocative | -थ (-tha) | -थौ (-thau) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
-थाः (-thāḥ) -थासः¹ (-thāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -थी (-thī) | -थ्यौ (-thyau) -थी¹ (-thī¹) |
-थ्यः (-thyaḥ) -थीः¹ (-thīḥ¹) |
| accusative | -थीम् (-thīm) | -थ्यौ (-thyau) -थी¹ (-thī¹) |
-थीः (-thīḥ) |
| instrumental | -थ्या (-thyā) | -थीभ्याम् (-thībhyām) | -थीभिः (-thībhiḥ) |
| dative | -थ्यै (-thyai) | -थीभ्याम् (-thībhyām) | -थीभ्यः (-thībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -थ्याः (-thyāḥ) -थ्यै² (-thyai²) |
-थीभ्याम् (-thībhyām) | -थीभ्यः (-thībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -थ्याः (-thyāḥ) -थ्यै² (-thyai²) |
-थ्योः (-thyoḥ) | -थीनाम् (-thīnām) |
| locative | -थ्याम् (-thyām) | -थ्योः (-thyoḥ) | -थीषु (-thīṣu) |
| vocative | -थि (-thi) | -थ्यौ (-thyau) -थी¹ (-thī¹) |
-थ्यः (-thyaḥ) -थीः¹ (-thīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -थम् (-tham) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
| accusative | -थम् (-tham) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
| instrumental | -थेन (-thena) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थैः (-thaiḥ) -थेभिः¹ (-thebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | -थाय (-thāya) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -थात् (-thāt) | -थाभ्याम् (-thābhyām) | -थेभ्यः (-thebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -थस्य (-thasya) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थानाम् (-thānām) |
| locative | -थे (-the) | -थयोः (-thayoḥ) | -थेषु (-theṣu) |
| vocative | -थ (-tha) | -थे (-the) | -थानि (-thāni) -था¹ (-thā¹) |
- ¹Vedic
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tHá.[5] Cognate with Old Avestan -𐬚𐬁 (-θā).
Alternative forms
- -थन (thána) — Vedic
Suffix
-थ • (-thá)
- primary ending of the second person plural active
Etymology 3
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-tHa,[5] from Proto-Indo-European *-th₂e.
Alternative forms
- -इथ (-itha)
Suffix
-थ • (-tha)
- ending of the second person singular perfect active
References
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar[1], § 1163, page 436
- ^ Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)[2] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, section 534, pages 717-20
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1889), Sanskrit Grammar[3], § 1242d, page 478
- ^ Wackernagel, Jakob; Albert Debrunner (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher)[4] (in German), Vol. II.2: Die Nominalsuffixe, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, published 1954, section 535, pages 720-2
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Kümmel, Martin Joachim (2017–2018), “Chapter XVII: Indo-Iranian”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Indo-Iranian, page 1913