-ईयस्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- -यस् (-yas)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- -ᬈᬬᬲ᭄ (Balinese script)
- -ဤယသ် (Burmese script)
- -ईयस् (Devanagari script)
- -ਈਯਸ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- -𑌈𑌯𑌸𑍍 (Grantha script)
- -ꦇꦪꦱ꧀ (Javanese script)
- -𑂆𑂨𑂮𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- -ឦយស៑ (Khmer script)
- -ອີຍສ຺ (Lao script)
- -ഈയസ് (Malayalam script)
- -ᡳᡳᠶᠠᠰ᠌ (Manchu script)
- -𑘃𑘧𑘭𑘿 (Modi script)
- -ᠢᠢᠶ᠋ᠠᠰ (Mongolian script)
- -𑦣𑧇𑧍𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- -𑐃𑐫𑐳𑑂 (Newa script)
- -ଈଯସ୍ (Odia script)
- -ꢅꢫꢱ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- -𑆆𑆪𑆱𑇀 (Sharada script)
- -𑖃𑖧𑖭𑖿 (Siddham script)
- -ඊයස් (Sinhalese script)
- -𑩐𑩑𑩛𑩻𑪁 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- -𑚃𑚣𑚨𑚶 (Takri script)
- -ஈயஸ் (Tamil script)
- -อียสฺ (Thai script)
- -ཨཱི་ཡ་ས྄ (Tibetan script)
- -𑨀𑨁𑨊𑨪𑨰𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *-yās, from Proto-Indo-European *-yōs. The -ई- (-ī-) may come from an original laryngeal in laryngeal-final roots,[1] or may be due to Sievers' Law.[2] Cognate with Ancient Greek -ῑ́ων (-ī́ōn), Latin -ior, and Proto-Slavic *-jьjь.
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /iː.jɐs/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /iː.jɐs̪/
Suffix
-ईयस् • (-īyas)
- comparative adjectival suffix
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ईयान् (-īyān) | -ईयांसौ (-īyāṃsau) -ईयांसा¹ (-īyāṃsā¹) |
-ईयांसः (-īyāṃsaḥ) |
| accusative | -ईयांसम् (-īyāṃsam) | -ईयांसौ (-īyāṃsau) -ईयांसा¹ (-īyāṃsā¹) |
-ईयसः (-īyasaḥ) |
| instrumental | -ईयसा (-īyasā) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभिः (-īyobhiḥ) |
| dative | -ईयसे (-īyase) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभ्यः (-īyobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -ईयसः (-īyasaḥ) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभ्यः (-īyobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -ईयसः (-īyasaḥ) | -ईयसोः (-īyasoḥ) | -ईयसाम् (-īyasām) |
| locative | -ईयसि (-īyasi) | -ईयसोः (-īyasoḥ) | -ईयःसु (-īyaḥsu) |
| vocative | -ईयन् (-īyan) -ईयः² (-īyaḥ²) |
-ईयांसौ (-īyāṃsau) -ईयांसा¹ (-īyāṃsā¹) |
-ईयांसः (-īyāṃsaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Rigvedic
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ईयसी (-īyasī) | -ईयस्यौ (-īyasyau) -ईयसी¹ (-īyasī¹) |
-ईयस्यः (-īyasyaḥ) -ईयसीः¹ (-īyasīḥ¹) |
| accusative | -ईयसीम् (-īyasīm) | -ईयस्यौ (-īyasyau) -ईयसी¹ (-īyasī¹) |
-ईयसीः (-īyasīḥ) |
| instrumental | -ईयस्या (-īyasyā) | -ईयसीभ्याम् (-īyasībhyām) | -ईयसीभिः (-īyasībhiḥ) |
| dative | -ईयस्यै (-īyasyai) | -ईयसीभ्याम् (-īyasībhyām) | -ईयसीभ्यः (-īyasībhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -ईयस्याः (-īyasyāḥ) -ईयस्यै² (-īyasyai²) |
-ईयसीभ्याम् (-īyasībhyām) | -ईयसीभ्यः (-īyasībhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -ईयस्याः (-īyasyāḥ) -ईयस्यै² (-īyasyai²) |
-ईयस्योः (-īyasyoḥ) | -ईयसीनाम् (-īyasīnām) |
| locative | -ईयस्याम् (-īyasyām) | -ईयस्योः (-īyasyoḥ) | -ईयसीषु (-īyasīṣu) |
| vocative | -ईयसि (-īyasi) | -ईयस्यौ (-īyasyau) -ईयसी¹ (-īyasī¹) |
-ईयस्यः (-īyasyaḥ) -ईयसीः¹ (-īyasīḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
- ²Brāhmaṇas
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | -ईयः (-īyaḥ) | -ईयसी (-īyasī) | -ईयांसि (-īyāṃsi) |
| accusative | -ईयः (-īyaḥ) | -ईयसी (-īyasī) | -ईयांसि (-īyāṃsi) |
| instrumental | -ईयसा (-īyasā) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभिः (-īyobhiḥ) |
| dative | -ईयसे (-īyase) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभ्यः (-īyobhyaḥ) |
| ablative | -ईयसः (-īyasaḥ) | -ईयोभ्याम् (-īyobhyām) | -ईयोभ्यः (-īyobhyaḥ) |
| genitive | -ईयसः (-īyasaḥ) | -ईयसोः (-īyasoḥ) | -ईयसाम् (-īyasām) |
| locative | -ईयसि (-īyasi) | -ईयसोः (-īyasoḥ) | -ईयःसु (-īyaḥsu) |
| vocative | -ईयः (-īyaḥ) | -ईयसी (-īyasī) | -ईयांसि (-īyāṃsi) |
Coordinate terms
- -इष्ठ (-iṣṭha, superlative suffix)
Derived terms
References
- ^ Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 363
- ^ Lundquist, Jesse; Yates, Anthony D. (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The morphology of Proto-Indo-European, page 2117