𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀇

Prakrit

Etymology 1

Etymology tree

Sanskrit तड् (taḍ)

Sanskrit -अयति (-ayati)

Sanskrit ता॒डय॑ति (tāḍáyati)

Prakrit 𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀇 (tāḍaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit ता॒डय॑ति (tāḍáyati), from तड् (taḍ) + -अयति (-ayati). Turner separates the two senses into different etymologies, reconstructing a sense "to spread out" for the root that gave rise to the sense "multiply".^[1]

Verb

𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀇 (tāḍaï) (Devanagari ताडइ) (transitive) ^[2]^[3]

to beat, hit, strike

Alternative forms

𑀢𑀸𑀮𑁂𑀇 (tālei)

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: ताड़ना (tāṛnā)
  - Urdu: تاڑْنا (tāṛnā)
Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Bengali-Assamese:
  - Assamese: তাৰিব (taribo)
  - Bengali: তাড়ানো (taṛanō)
- Odia: ତାଡ଼ିବା (tāṛibā)
Insular Indo-Aryan:
- Dhivehi: ތަޅަނީ (taḷanī), ތެޅެނީ (teḷenī)
- Sinhalese: තළනවා (taḷanawā)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Central Pahari:
  - Kumaoni: ताड़णो (tāṛṇo)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਤਾੜਨਾ (tāṛnā)
  
  Shahmukhi script: تَاڑنَا (tāṛnā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: ताडणे (tāḍṇe)
Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: તાડવું (tāḍvũ)

Etymology 2

Etymology tree

Sanskrit ताडयति (tāḍayati)

Prakrit 𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀇 (tāḍaï)

Inherited from Sanskrit ताडयति (tāḍayati).

Verb

𑀢𑀸𑀟𑀇 (tāḍaï) (Devanagari ताडइ) (transitive) ^[1]

(mathematics) to multiply

Descendants

Central Indo-Aryan:
- Hindustani:
  - Hindi: ताड़ना (tāṛnā, “to understand”)
  - Urdu: تاڑْنا (tāṛnā, “to understand”)
Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Nepali: ताड़्नु (tāṛnu, “to guess”)
Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਤਾੜਨਾ (tāṛnā)
  
  Shahmukhi script: تَاڑنَا (tāṛnā)
Southern Indo-Aryan:
- Marathi: ताडणे (tāḍṇe)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*taḍati²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 320
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “ताड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tāḍáyati¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 327

[cdial2-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “*taḍati²”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 320

[2] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “ताड”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].

[3] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “tāḍáyati¹”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 327

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