𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | 𐽼𐽶𐽸𐽶𐽷 (pydyk) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽷 (pytk) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽷 (pyttyk) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽲 (pytyq) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽰𐽲 (pytʾq) |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰏 (b²it²g)[1] 𐰋𐰃𐱅𐰃𐰏 (b²it²ig)[2] |
| Manichaean script | — |
| Sogdian script | 𐼾𐼷𐽂𐼷𐼸 (pytyk)[3] 𐼾𐼷𐽂𐼰𐼷𐼸 (pytʾyk)[4][5] |
| Arabic script | — |
| Syriac script | ܦܝܛܝܓ (pytyg)[6] |
| Brāhmī script | — |
| Tibetan script | ཧྦྱི་དི་ཀྱིག (hbyi.di.kyig)[7] |
| Han script | 必的書 (bì.te) 必的文 (bì.te) 必的字 (bì.te)[8] |
| ẖP'agsPa script | — |
Etymology
Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bitig (“anything written; text, inscription”). Composed of 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽷 (pytymʾk /biti-/, “to write”) + -𐽷 (-k /-k/, deverbal noun suffix), further derived from Middle Chinese 筆 (pit, “to compose a text, to pen”).
Noun
𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 (pytyk /bitig, bitik/)
- (graphematics, philology) any written material
- (orthography) letter, grapheme; syllable; alphabet
- Synonym: 𐽰𐽳𐽴𐽶𐽷 (ʾwzyk /uʒik/)
- c. 10th century, Šeŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Biography of Hüentsu (Xuánzàng): 7th chapter page 10 (recto, line 3):[9]
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽻𐽰𐽱[𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶]
- pyttyk lʾr yntʾky sʾβ[lʾry]
- / […] bitiglärintäki sav[larï] […] /
- […] the meaning behind your words […]
- (literally, “ […] in your letters”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐾁𐽰𐽾 𐽶𐽺𐾀𐽰𐽷𐽶 𐽻𐽰𐽱[𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶]
- (literature, writing) text, written work, a body of work; book, written document, letters, edicts, etc.
- Synonyms: 𐽷𐽶 (ky /ke/, “religious writing”), 𐽺𐽳𐽹 (nwm /nom/)
- c. 9th century, A letter[10][11] Pelliot Ouïgour 12.10 (line 10):[12]
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 𐽲𐽳𐽸 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸
- pyr pytyk qʾmyltʾ qwd pʾr pytyk mʾnkʾrw ʾyd
- /Bir bitig Ḳamïlta ḳod, b[i]r bitig maŋaru ïd./
- Leave a letter to [the city of] Ḳamïl, and send a letter to me.
- 𐽼𐽶𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽲𐽰𐽹𐽶𐾁𐾀𐽰 𐽲𐽳𐽸 𐽼𐽰𐽾 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 𐽰𐽶𐽸
- c. 1382, Huǒ Yuán-jié (火原潔) & Mǎ Shā-yì-hēi (馬沙亦黑), Gāochāng guǎn-zá-zì (高昌馆杂字) Pekin manuscript, line 529:[13]
- 必的佞呀喇失都魯作文
- bì.de.nìng.ya.lā.shī.dōu.lǔzuò.wén
- /Bitigniŋ yarašturup./
- To compose an essay.
- 必的佞呀喇失都魯作文
- (orthography) letter, grapheme; syllable; alphabet
Declension
| Note: Not all forms are attested. | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | singular | definite plural |
| nominative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷 (pytyk) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾 (pytyklʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pytyknynk) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pytyklʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰 (pytykkʾ) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽷𐽰 (pytyklʾrkʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽷 (pytykyk) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽺𐽶 (pytykny) |
𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽷 (pytyklʾryk) 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (pytyklʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽰 (pytykdʾ) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽰 (pytyklʾrdʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽸𐽶𐽺 (pytykdyn) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽸𐽶𐽺 (pytyklʾrdyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽶𐽺 (pytykyn) | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (pytyklʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽰 (pytykcʾ) | — |
| directive | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽰𐽾𐽳 (pytykkʾrw) | — |
| similative | 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (pytyklʾyw) | — |
Derived terms
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽳 (pytykw /bitigü/, “writing, inscription; palimpsest”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽷𐽶𐽰 (pytykkyʾ /bitikkyä/, “a brief letter”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐽽𐽶 (pytykcy /bitikči/, “scribe, author”)
- 𐽼𐽶𐾀𐽶𐽷𐾁𐽶𐽷 (pytyklyk /bitiklik/, “penroom, scriptorium, secretariat”)
Descendants
- Western Yugur: pəhtəɣ, pəhtəkki (“book, writing, Buddhist scripture; letter, alphabet”)[14]
References
- ^ https://bitig.kz/?lang=e&mod=1&word=bitg&tid=22&oid=161&m=1
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Irk_Bitig.htm#150029
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm#218555
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm#219293
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm#219385
- ^ Zieme, Peter (2015), Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 209
- ^ Dieter, Maue (1996), Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 1) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 9) (in German), →ISBN, page 216
- ^ Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012), Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[1] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 155
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Xuanzang-Biographie_VII.htm#292435
- ^ Hamilton, James Russell (1986), Manuscrits Ouïgours du IXᵉ-Xᵉ Siècle de Touen-Houang (Fondation Singer-Polignac) (in French), →ISBN, pages 137-138
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/collection/930740840112E44EA7382319FF0C0114/?return=%2Fcollection%2F%3Fterm%3DPelliot%2BOu%25C3%25AFgour%2B12
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F930740840112E44EA7382319FF0C0114#?c=&m=&cv=&xywh=-37%2C-1%2C1097%2C1179
- ^ Yunusoğlu, Mağfiret Kemal (2012), Uygurca-Çince İdikut Sözlüğü[2] (in Turkish), Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları, →ISBN, page 94
- ^ Roos, Marti (2000), The Western Yugur (Yellow Uyghur) Language. Grammar, Texts, Vocabulary, Leiden: University of Leiden, page 338
Further reading
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968), “bitig”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 45
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “bitig”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 303
- The template Template:R:otk:DTS does not use the parameter(s):
entry=bitig
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 103 - Wilkens, Jens (2021), “1bitig”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 181