𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲
Old Uyghur
| Uyghur script | — |
|---|---|
| Orkhon script | — |
| Manichaean script | 𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫠 (bʾcʾq̈) |
| Sogdian script | 𐼾𐼰𐼿𐼰𐼶 (pʾcʾq)[1][2] |
| Arabic script | بجاق (bcʾq) |
| Syriac script | — |
| Brāhmī script | — |
| Tibetan script | — |
| Han script | — |
| ẖP'agsPa script | — |
Etymology
By surface analysis, 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾmʾq /bača-/, “to fast”) + -𐽷 (-k /-ḳ/, deverbal suffix), further derived from Proto-Turkic *bača- (“to fast”). Cognate with Karakhanid بَجاقْ (“Christian fast”).
Noun
𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq /bačaḳ, bačaġ/)
- (religion, Buddhism, Christianity, Manichaeism) fast, the act of fasting; religious and/or ritualistic abstinence from food and drinks
- Synonyms: 𐽽𐽲𐽿𐽰𐽼𐾀 (cqšʾpt /čaḥšapat, čaḥšapït/), 𐽽𐽰𐽶 (cʾy /čay/), 𐽱𐽳𐽻𐽺𐽸𐽶 (βwsndy /vusante/)
- c. 11th century, Raymasṭ Frazend (𐫡𐫀𐫏𐫖𐫘𐫎 𐫜𐫡𐫉𐫏𐫗𐫅), Xᵘāstvānīft[5] lines 331-332 (lines 13-14 on the image):[6]
- 𐫏𐫖𐫐𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫀𐫓𐫒𐫏𐫢 𐫝𐫑𐫢𐫀𐫛𐫎
𐫗𐫇𐫖𐫝𐫀 𐫎𐫇𐫏𐫡𐫇𐫝𐫀 𐫎𐫇𐫎𐫇 𐫀𐫇𐫖𐫀𐫔𐫖𐫉 [𐫀𐫡𐫘𐫀𐫡]- ymkyy bʾcʾq̈ ʾʾlk̈yš ck̇šʾpṯ
nwmcʾ ṯwyrwcʾ ṯwṯw ʾwmʾδmz [ʾrsʾr] - /Yimkii-bačaḳ, alḳïš, čaḥšapat nomča törüčä tutu umadïmïz ärsär […] /
- [If we are] unable to observe the Yimki[7] fast, prayer and commandments in accordance with religion and the doctrine […]
- ymkyy bʾcʾq̈ ʾʾlk̈yš ck̇šʾpṯ
- 𐫏𐫖𐫐𐫏𐫏 𐫁𐫀𐫝𐫀𐫠 𐫀𐫀𐫓𐫒𐫏𐫢 𐫝𐫑𐫢𐫀𐫛𐫎
- c. 12th century, Mar Giwargiz (ܡܐܪ ܓܝܘܪܓܝܣ?), The legend of Saint George[8] MIK.III.194 [T.II.B.66] (verso, lines 07-08)[9][10]:
- [𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰] 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽼
𐽳𐾁𐽶𐾀𐽰 𐽰𐽰𐽼𐽶𐽻𐽲𐽳𐽼𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽻𐽶𐽺 [𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽼]- [kym mʾnkʾ] ʾʾtʾyw ʾʾryq pʾcʾq pʾcʾsʾr mtryp
wlytʾ ʾʾpysqwpʾ pʾsyn [twtwp] - / […] [Kim maŋa] atayu, arïġ bačaġ bačasar matripolita apiskopa bašïn […] [tutup.]/
- [The one who] observes the pure fasts, invoking [me], is the one who adheres to the head of the intercessors, the Metropolitan Episcopus.
- [kym mʾnkʾ] ʾʾtʾyw ʾʾryq pʾcʾq pʾcʾsʾr mtryp
- [𐽷𐽶𐽹 𐽹𐽰𐽺𐽷𐽰] 𐽰𐽰𐾀𐽰𐽶𐽳 𐽰𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽻𐽰𐽾 𐽹𐾀𐽾𐽶𐽼
- (by extension) a controlled regimen on the consumption of foodstuff, self-inflicted curfew on the act of eating
Declension
| Note: Not all forms are attested. | ||
|---|---|---|
| — | singular | definite plural |
| nominative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾 (pʾcʾqlʾr) |
| genitive | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pʾcʾqnynk) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pʾcʾqlʾrnynk) |
| dative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰 (pʾcʾqqʾ) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (pʾcʾqlʾrqʾ) |
| accusative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽲 (pʾcʾqyq) 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽺𐽶 (pʾcʾqny) |
𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (pʾcʾqlʾryq) 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (pʾcʾqlʾrny) |
| locative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽰 (pʾcʾqtʾ) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (pʾcʾqlʾrtʾ) |
| ablative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾀𐽶𐽺 (pʾcʾqtyn) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (pʾcʾqlʾrtyn) |
| instrumental | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽶𐽺 (pʾcʾqyn) | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (pʾcʾqlʾryn) |
| equative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽽𐽰 (pʾcʾqcʾ) | — |
| directive | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (pʾcʾqqʾrw) | — |
| similative | 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (pʾcʾqlʾyw) | — |
Derived terms
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽰𐽳𐾁𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq ʾwlwrmʾq /bačaġ olur-/, “to fast”)
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽻𐽶𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq symʾq /bačaġ sï-/, “to break fast”)
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽹𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq pʾcʾmʾq /bačaġ bača-/, “to fast”)
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽽𐽲𐽿𐽰𐽼𐾀 (pʾcʾq cqšʾpt /Bačaġ Čaḥšapat/, “Upavāsa”)
Proper noun
𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 (pʾcʾq /Bačaḳ/)
- a unisex given name
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽼𐽳𐽲𐽰 ― pʾcʾq pwqʾ /Bačaḳ Buḳa/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽳𐽺 ― pʾcʾq qʾtwn /Bačaḳ Ḥatun/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽶𐽴 𐾀𐽳 ― pʾcʾq qyz tw /Bačaḳ Ḳïz Tu/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐽲𐽳𐾁𐽶 ― pʾcʾq qwly /Bačaḳ Ḳulï/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽲𐽾𐽶𐾁 ― pʾcʾq twqryl /Bačaḳ Tuġrïl/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐽾𐽹𐽶𐽿 ― pʾcʾq twrmyš /Bačaḳ Turmïš/
- 𐽼𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽲 𐾀𐽳𐾀𐽳𐽺𐽷 ― pʾcʾq twtwnk /Bačaḳ Tutuŋ/
References
- ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Altt%C3%BCrkische_Text_in_sogdischer_Schrift.htm#223762
- ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u5187acseite1detail.jpg
- ^ Bang Kaup, Johann Wilhelm; von Gabain, Annemarie (1929), II: Manichaica (Türkische Turfan Texte) (in German), page 8 [416]
- ^ Bang Kaup, Johann Wilhelm; von Gabain, Annemarie (1929), II: Manichaica (Türkische Turfan Texte) (in German), page Taf. VI.
- ^ Asmussen, Jens Peter (1965), Xᵘāstvānīft: Studies in Manichaeism (Acta Theologica Danica; VII), page 179
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/uv/?manifest=https%3A%2F%2Fdata.idp.bl.uk%2Fiiif%2F3%2Fmanifest%2F192566F9732149E7B230100C6362D516#?c=&m=&cv=3&xywh=888%2C52%2C1302%2C1404
- ^ A special type of religious fast to commemmorate Manichaean martyrs.
- ^ Zieme, Peter (2015), Altuigurische Texte der Kirche des Ostens aus Zentralasien (Gorgias Eastern Christian Studies; 41) (in German), →ISBN, page 94
- ^ von le Coq, Albert (1922), “Türkische Manichaica aus Chotscho III”, in APAW, pages 48-49
- ^ https://idp.bl.uk/collection/4456FAFDC3AF4EF0B659CE16C9147EC7/
Further reading
- Caferoğlu, Ahmet (1968), “baçaġ”, in Eski Uygur Türkçesi Sözlüğü (Türk Dil Kurumu Yayınları; 260) (in Turkish), Istanbul: Edebiyat Fakültesi Basımevi, page 30
- Clauson, Gerard (1972), “baça:k”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, page 293
- The template Template:R:otk:DTS does not use the parameter(s):
entry=bačaγ
Please see Module:checkparams for help with this warning.Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 76 - Wilkens, Jens (2021), “1bačag ~ bačak”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, pages 134-135