𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰

Old Uyghur

Orthographic variants
Uyghur script 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽰 (pʾq̈ʾ)
Orkhon script
Manichaean script
Sogdian script
Arabic script
Syriac script
Brāhmī script 𑀧𑀸𑀓𑀸 (pākā)
Tibetan script
Han script
ẖP'agsPa script

Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Turkic *bāka (frog, turtle).

Noun

𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰 (pʾqʾ /baḳa/)

  1. (zoology) frog, toad; turtle
    Synonym: 𐾀𐽰𐽹𐾁𐽳𐽺𐽷 (tʾmlwnk /⁠tamluŋ⁠/, turtle, amphibian)
    • c. 10th century, Šeŋko Šäli Tutuŋ (勝光闍梨都統), Biography of Xuanzang: 7th chapter[1] [Fragment lost] (page 9.b, recto, lines 19-20):
      𐽶𐽾𐽳𐽵𐾄 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽷𐽰 𐽼𐽶𐾁𐽶𐽷𐽶 𐾀𐽶𐽸
      𐾀𐽶 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐾄𐽰 𐽼𐽰𐽸𐽶𐽴 𐾁𐽶𐽷 𐽸𐽰 𐾈
      yrwẍ pylkʾ pylyky tyd
      ty pʾq̈ʾ pʾdyz lyk dʾ
      /Yaroḳ bilgä biligi tïd[ïl]tï baḳa bädizligdä./
      Brilliant wisdom was hampered by the patterns on turtle[-shells.][2]
    • c. 11th century, An excerpt from Bhārgavasūtra[3] U6841.5 (verso, line a):[4]
      [] 𑀓𑀸𑀔𑀮𑀼𑁇𑀧𑀸𑀓𑀸𑀮𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀭𑀺𑀕𑀺𑀜𑁆𑀘𑀺𑀧𑁆‌ []
      kākhalu pākālārrigi ñcip‌
      / [] baḳalarïġ iɲčip [] /
      [] frogs, however []

Declension

Declension of 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰
Note: Not all forms are attested.
singular definite plural
nominative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰 (pʾqʾ) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾 (pʾqʾlʾr)
genitive 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pʾqʾnynk) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶𐽺𐽷 (pʾqʾlʾrnynk)
dative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰 (pʾqʾqʾ) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽲𐽰 (pʾqʾlʾrqʾ)
accusative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽲 (pʾqʾq)
𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺𐽶 (pʾqʾny)
𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽲 (pʾqʾlʾryq)
𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽺𐽶 (pʾqʾlʾrny)
locative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽰 (pʾqʾtʾ) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽰 (pʾqʾlʾrtʾ)
ablative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾀𐽶𐽺 (pʾqʾtyn) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐾀𐽶𐽺 (pʾqʾlʾrtyn)
instrumental 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽺 (pʾqʾn) 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽾𐽶𐽺 (pʾqʾlʾryn)
equative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽽𐽰 (pʾqʾcʾ)
directive 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽲𐽰𐽾𐽳 (pʾqʾqʾrw)
similative 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰𐾁𐽰𐽶𐽳 (pʾqʾlʾyw)

Derived terms

  • 𐽹𐽳𐽶𐽶𐽳𐽴 𐽼𐽰𐽲𐽰 (mwyywz pʾqʾ /⁠müyüz baḳa⁠/, turtle, tortoise)

Descendants

  • Western Yugur: baɢa (frog)[5]

References

  1. ^ https://vatec2.fkidg1.uni-frankfurt.de/vatecasp/Xuanzang-Biographie_VII.htm#265490
  2. ^ Referring to Chinese scapulimancy.
  3. ^ Dieter, Maue (2015), Alttürkische Handschriften: Dokumente in Brāhmī und Tibetischer Schrift (Teil 2) (Verzeichnis der orientalischen handschriften in Deutschland; 27) (in German), →ISBN, pages 107-108
  4. ^ https://turfan.bbaw.de/dta/u/images/u6841seite2.jpg
  5. ^ Léi, Xuǎnchūn (雷选春) (1992), “青蛙”, in 西部裕固汉词典 [Xībù Yùgù-Hàn cídiǎn], Chengdu: Sichuan Minority Publishing House, page 50

Further reading

  • Clauson, Gerard (1972), “baka:”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, →OCLC, pages 311-312
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    Nadeljajev, V. M.; Nasilov, D. M.; Tenišev, E. R.; Ščerbak, A. M., editors (1969), Drevnetjurkskij slovarʹ [Dictionary of Old Turkic] (in Russian), Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka, page 82
  • Wilkens, Jens (2021), “1baka”, in Handwörterbuch des Altuigurischen (in German), Göttingen: Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Göttingen, page 138