諤諤

Chinese

		honest speech	honest speech
trad. (諤諤)		諤	諤
simp. (谔谔)		谔	谔
alternative forms		咢咢

Etymology

Reduplicative diminutive.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): è'è

(Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄜˋ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: è'è
  - Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: è-è
  - Wade–Giles: o⁴-o⁴
  - Yale: è-è
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eheh
  - Palladius: ээ (ee)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ˀɤ⁵¹/

Middle Chinese: ngak ngak

Rime
Character	諤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	鐸 (103)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	五各切
Baxter	ngak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ŋɑk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ŋɑk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/ŋɑk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ŋak̚/
Li Rong	/ŋɑk̚/
Wang Li	/ŋɑk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ŋɑk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	è
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ngok⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ŋˤak ŋˤak/

(Zhengzhang): /*ŋaːɡ ŋaːɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	諤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	è
Middle Chinese	‹ ngak ›
Old Chinese	/*ŋˁak/
English	speak frankly
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	諤
Reading #	1/1
No.	9451
Phonetic component	屰
Rime group	鐸
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	咢
Old Chinese	/*ŋaːɡ/

Adjective

諤諤

speaking in a boisterous way
- 千羊之皮，不如一狐之腋；千人之諾諾，不如一士之諤諤。武王諤諤以昌，殷紂墨墨以亡。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  千羊之皮，不如一狐之腋；千人之诺诺，不如一士之谔谔。武王谔谔以昌，殷纣墨墨以亡。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
  Qiān yáng zhī pí, bùrú yī hú zhī yè; qiān rén zhī nuònuò, bùrú yī shì zhī è'è. Wǔwáng è'è yǐ chāng, Yīn-Zhòu mòmò yǐ wáng. [Pinyin]
  A thousand sheepskins are not as good as one fox fur, a thousand sycophants are not as good as one outspoken man. King Wu prospered thanks to frank advisers, while King Zhou of Yin, lost his state through silencing criticism.

Japanese

Kanji in this term
諤	諤
がく Hyōgai	がく Hyōgai
on'yomi

For pronunciation and definitions of 諤諤 – see the following entry.

【がくがく】

[adjective] outspoken

[adjective] speaking in a boisterous way

[noun] This term needs a translation to English.

Alternative spellings
諤々, 愕愕, 愕々

(This term, 諤諤, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

References

“^▲諤^▲諤”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025