要る

Japanese

Etymology

Kanji in this term

Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Derived from () (iru, to enter).

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 要る
Plain 要る [ìrú]
Conjunctive 要って って [ìtté]
Perfective 要った った [ìttá]
Negative 要らない らない [ìránáí]
Negative perfective 要らなかった らなかった [ìránáꜜkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 要れば [ìréꜜbà]
Past conditional 要ったら った [ìttáꜜrà]
Imperative 要れ [ìré]
Volitional 要ろう [ìróꜜò]
Desiderative 要りたい りたい [ìrítáí]
Formal 要ります りま [ìrímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 要りません りませ [ìrímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 要りましょう りましょ [ìrímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 要りました りました [ìrímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 要り
要りに

りに
[ìrí]
[ìrí ní]
Negative continuative 要らず
要らずに
らず
らずに
[ìrázú]
[ìrázú ní]
Passive 要られる られる [ìrárérú]
Causative 要らせる
要らす
らせる
らす
[ìrásérú]
[ìrású]
Potential 要れる れる [ìrérú]
  • (Kyoto) いる [írú] (Kōki – [0])[1]

Verb

() • (iruintransitive godan (stem () (iri), past ()った (itta))

  1. to be necessary, to be needed
    (かね)()ります? — いいえ()りません
    Okane ga irimasu ka? — Īe, irimasen.
    Do you need money? — No, I don't need money.
    この(ほん)()ります
    Kono hon wa irimasu ka?
    Do you need this book?

Usage notes

  • Usually spelled in hiragana, with the kanji being used for formal contexts. The past form is falling out of use.[5]
  • The thing needed is the subject of () (iru), rather than the object, as it would be for English need. The verb () (iru) is intransitive and cannot take an object.

Conjugation

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 い・る 【入・要】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ 「お金がいった」は、おかしい?, NHK, 2017