老子
Chinese
| old venerable |
master (honorific) | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (老子) | 老 | 子 | |
| simp. #(老子) | 老 | 子 | |
Pronunciation 1
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou5 zi2
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Ló-chṳ́
- Eastern Min (BUC): Lō̤-cṳ̄
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: Lǎozǐ [Phonetic: láozǐ]
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ㄗˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: Lǎozǐh
- Wade–Giles: Lao3-tzŭ3
- Yale: Lǎu-dž
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Laotzyy
- Palladius: Лаоцзы (Laoczy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lou5 zi2
- Yale: lóuh jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou5 dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: lou5 ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Ló-chṳ́
- Hakka Romanization System: loˋ ziiˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: lo3 zi3
- Sinological IPA: /lo³¹ t͡sɨ³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Eastern Min
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Nó͘-chú
- Tâi-lô: Nóo-tsú
- Phofsit Daibuun: nofzuo
- IPA (Taipei): /nɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /nɔ̃⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Ló-chú
- Tâi-lô: Ló-tsú
- Phofsit Daibuun: loyzuo
- IPA (Taipei): /lo⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: lao6 ze2
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lău tsṳ́
- Sinological IPA (key): /lau³⁵⁻¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
- Middle Chinese: lawX tsiX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.rˤuʔ tsəʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ruːʔ ʔslɯʔ/
Proper noun
老子
- Laozi (604–531 BCE), a Chinese philosopher, and founder of Taoism
- Laozi (also called Tao Te Ching, a book of philosophy supposedly written by Laozi)
Descendants
Sino-Xenic (老子):
Pronunciation 2
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): lou5 zi2
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): láu-chú / láu-chír
- Xiang (Hengyang, Wiktionary): lau2 zr
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: lǎozi
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄠˇ ˙ㄗ
- Tongyong Pinyin: lǎozi̊h
- Wade–Giles: lao3-tzŭ5
- Yale: lǎu-dz
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lao.tzy
- Palladius: лаоцзы (laoczy)
- Sinological IPA (key): /lɑʊ̯²¹⁴ d͡z̥z̩⁴/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lou5 zi2
- Yale: lóuh jí
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou5 dzi2
- Guangdong Romanization: lou5 ji2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯¹³ t͡siː³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu-chú
- Tâi-lô: láu-tsú
- Phofsit Daibuun: lawzuo
- IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /lau⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: láu-chír
- Tâi-lô: láu-tsír
- IPA (Quanzhou): /lau⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Xiang
- Middle Chinese: lawX tsiX
Pronoun
老子
- (colloquial, chiefly men's speech, sometimes humorous) I; me
- 康即釋駕與之。有頃，使者至，奪牛翁乃徵君也。使者欲奏殺亭長。康曰：“此自老子與之，亭長何罪！”乃止。 [Literary Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
- Kāng jí shìjià yǔ zhī. Yǒuqǐng, shǐzhě zhì, duó niú wēng nǎi zhēng jūn yě. Shǐzhě yù zòu shā tíngcháng. Kāng yuē: “Cǐ zì lǎozi yǔ zhī, tíngcháng hé zuì!” Nǎi zhǐ. [Pinyin]
- Han Kang unhitched the ox from the wagon and handed it over at once. After a while the envoy appeared on the scene and learned that the “old fellow” whose ox had been appropriated was in fact a gentleman who was being summoned to service at court. The envoy was about to recommend the death penalty for the head of the post station, but Han Kang insisted, “It was my idea to give him the ox—what crime has the head of the post station committed?” The envoy finally dropped the matter.
康即释驾与之。有顷，使者至，夺牛翁乃征君也。使者欲奏杀亭长。康曰：“此自老子与之，亭长何罪！”乃止。 [Literary Chinese, simp.]- 杯，汝來前。老子今朝，點檢形骸。 [Ci, trad.]
- From: c. 12th century, Xin Qiji (辛棄疾). Admonitions to the Goblet on the Occasion of My Determination to Stay Sober (《沁園春·將止酒戒酒杯使勿近》)
- Bēi, rǔ lái qián. Lǎozi jīnzhāo, diǎnjiǎn xínghái. [Pinyin]
- Come forth, ye goblet. Listen: from now on, I care for myself.
杯，汝来前。老子今朝，点检形骸。 [Ci, simp.]
Usage notes
When 老子 (lǎozi) is used this way, it often gives off an arrogant, angry, childish or humorous tone. Compare Japanese おれさま.
Synonyms
Coordinate terms
- 老娘 (lǎoniáng)
Noun
老子
- old man
- (slang) father; old man
- (dated or regional) son; young man (i.e. a mother scolding her son)
- 最奇怪的是昨天街上的那個女人，打他兒子，嘴裏說道：「老子呀！我要咬你幾口纔出氣！」他眼睛卻看着我。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1918, Lu Xun, A Madman's Diary
- Zuì qíguài de shì zuótiān jiē shàng de nàge nǚrén, dǎ tā érzǐ, zuǐ lǐ shuōdào: “Lǎozi ya! Wǒ yào yǎo nǐ jǐ kǒu cái chūqì!” Tā yǎnjīng què kàn zhe wǒ. [Pinyin]
- The strangest was a woman on the street yesterday. She was hitting her son. From her mouth, I heard her say, "Young man! I'd like to take a few bites out of you just to vent my anger!" Yet, her eyes were fixed on me.
最奇怪的是昨天街上的那个女人，打他儿子，嘴里说道：「老子呀！我要咬你几口才出气！」他眼睛却看着我。 [MSC, simp.]
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 爸爸 (“dad”) [map]
Japanese
Etymology 1
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| ろう Grade: 4 |
し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 老子 (MC lawX tsiX).
Pronunciation
Proper noun
- Laozi
- the works of Laozi: synonym of 老子道徳経 (Rōshi Dōtokukyō, “Tao Te Ching”)
Usage notes
The Tao Te Ching is known in Japanese by three possible names:[3][4][5]
- 老子道徳経 (Rōshi Dōtokukyō, literally “Laozi Tao Te Ching”)
- 老子 (Rōshi, literally “Laozi”)
- 道徳経 (Dōtokukyō, literally “Tao Te Ching”)
See also
- 諸子百家 (Shoshi Hyakka)
Etymology 2
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| ろう Grade: 4 |
し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi | |
From Middle Chinese 老子 (MC lawX tsiX), based on the literal meanings of the characters 老 (“old; an elder”) + 子 (diminutive suffix).
First attested in this use in a text from 1694.[3]
Pronunciation
Pronoun
老子 • (rōshi)
- [from 1694] (archaic) you (addressing an elderly person)
Etymology 3
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
| お(い) Grade: 4 |
こ > ご Grade: 1 |
| kun'yomi | |
| For pronunciation and definitions of 老子 – see the following entry. | ||
| ||
| (This term, 老子, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) |
References
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
- ^ “老子”, in 日本大百科全書：ニッポニカ (Nippon Dai Hyakka Zensho: Nipponica, “Encyclopedia Nipponica”)[1] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1984
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
Proper noun
老子 • (Noja) (hangeul 노자)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 老 | 子 |
Proper noun
老子