粢

粢	U+7CA2, 粢 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CA2

← 粡
[U+7CA1]

CJK Unified Ideographs

粣 →
[U+7CA3]

Translingual

Han character

粢 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈人火木 (IOFD) or 一人火木 (MOFD), four-corner 3790₄, composition ⿱次米)

grain offered in ritual sacrifice
millet

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 908, character 29
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26932
Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 23
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3148, character 4
Unihan data for U+7CA2

Chinese

trad.		粢
simp. ^#		粢
alternative forms		秶𪗉齍／𱌘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 粢
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咨	*ʔsli
資	*ʔsli
姿	*ʔsli
粢	*ʔsli
諮	*ʔsli
恣	*ʔslis
澬	ʔsli, zli
趑	*sʰli
蠀	*sʰli
次	*sn̥ʰis
佽	*sl̥ʰis
絘	*sl̥ʰis
薋	*zli
瓷	*zli
茨	*zli
餈	*zli
垐	zli, zlɯɡ
楶	*ʔsliːɡ

Etymology 1

from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzəy (“seed, testicle, round object”). Cognate with Burmese အစေ့ (a.ce., “seed”) (STEDT).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): zī (zi¹)

(Zhuyin): ㄗ
Cantonese (Jyutping): zi¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹tsy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: zī
  - Zhuyin: ㄗ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: zih
  - Wade–Giles: tzŭ¹
  - Yale: dz̄
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
  - Palladius: цзы (czy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: zi¹
  - Yale: jī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: dzi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: ji¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡siː⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹tsy
  - MiniDict: tsy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹tsr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/

Middle Chinese: tsij

Rime
Character	粢
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	精 (13)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	即夷切
Baxter	tsij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/t͡siɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/t͡si/
Shao Rongfen	/t͡sjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/t͡si/
Li Rong	/t͡si/
Wang Li	/t͡si/
Bernhard Karlgren	/t͡si/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	zī
Expected Cantonese Reflex	zi¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ij/

(Zhengzhang): /*ʔsli/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	粢
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	zī
Middle Chinese	‹ tsij ›
Old Chinese	/*[ts]ij/
English	Setaria italica
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	粢
Reading #	1/1
No.	1788
Phonetic component	次
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	咨
Old Chinese	/*ʔsli/

Definitions

粢

millet
a specific grain used in ritual sacrifice

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cí (ci²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci¹
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵tshy; ¹tshy

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cí
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
  - Yale: tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
  - Palladius: цы (cy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci¹
  - Yale: chī
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁵tshy; ¹tshy
  - MiniDict: tshy^去; tshy^平
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²tshr; ¹tshr
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/, /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/

Definitions

粢

alternative form of 餈 / 糍 (cí, “glutinous rice cakes”)

Compounds

粢盛
粢粑 (cíbā)
粢醍
粢飯 / 粢饭 (cífàn)
粢飯糕 / 粢饭糕 (cīfàngāo)
粢飯糰 / 粢饭团 (cífàntuán)
糲粢 / 粝粢

Japanese

Kanji

粢

(Hyōgai kanji)

Shinto rice cake.

Readings

Go-on: し (shi)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: きび (kibi)、しとぎ (shitogi)

Etymology

First attested in the late 800s, early 900s.^[1]

Compare Middle Korean ᄯᅥᆨ〮 (sték, “rice cake”, whence Korean 떡 (tteok))) and Ainu シト (sito, “dumpling made from rice or millet”) which might be cognate.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しとぎ [shìtógí] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
(Tokyo) しとぎ [shìtóꜜgì] (Nakadaka – [2])^[2]
IPA^(key): [ɕito̞ɡʲi]

Noun

粢(しとぎ) • (shitogi)

[from late 800s, early 900s] an ancient type of rice cake mainly used in Shinto ceremony, described variously as made from milled raw rice powder to which water is added,^[2] raw rice that has been soaked in water and pounded,^[3] or glutinous rice that has been steamed and pounded.^[1]

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 “粢”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ “粢”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

“^▲粢”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

粢 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[NKDc-1] 1.0 ^1.1 “粢”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎^[1] (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DDJS-3] “粢”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎^[2] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months

[1]

[2]

[3]