琢磨
Chinese
Etymology 1
| to cut (gems) | grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (琢磨) | 琢 | 磨 | |
| simp. #(琢磨) | 琢 | 磨 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuómó
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuómó
- Wade–Giles: cho2-mo2
- Yale: jwó-mwó
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwomo
- Palladius: чжомо (čžomo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: doek3 mo4
- Yale: deuk mòh
- Cantonese Pinyin: doek8 mo4
- Guangdong Romanization: dêg3 mo4
- Sinological IPA (key): /tœːk̚³ mɔː²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tok-mô͘
- Tâi-lô: tok-môo
- Phofsit Daibuun: dokmoo
- IPA (Xiamen): /tɔk̚³²⁻⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔk̚³²⁻⁵ mɔ̃¹³/
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ mɔ̃²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
Verb
琢磨
Etymology 2
| to cut (gems) | grindstone; to sharpen; to delay grindstone; to sharpen; to delay; hardship; to grind; to rub | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (琢磨) | 琢 | 磨 | |
| simp. #(琢磨) | 琢 | 磨 | |
| alternative forms | 作摩 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zuómo
- Zhuyin: ㄗㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄇㄛ
- Tongyong Pinyin: zuómo̊
- Wade–Giles: tso2-mo5
- Yale: dzwó-mwo
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzwo.mo
- Palladius: цзомо (czomo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡su̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: zhuómó → zhuómo (toneless final syllable variant)
- Zhuyin: ㄓㄨㄛˊ ㄇㄛˊ → ㄓㄨㄛˊ ˙ㄇㄛ (toneless final syllable variant)
- Tongyong Pinyin: jhuómo̊
- Wade–Giles: cho2-mo5
- Yale: jwó-mwo
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwo.mo
- Palladius: чжомо (čžomo)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³⁵/ → /ʈ͡ʂu̯ɔ³⁵ mu̯ɔ³/
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)+
Verb
琢磨
- to think over; to turn over in one's mind; to ponder
- (Beijing Mandarin) to scheme against; to conspire against
Synonyms
- 冥思 (míngsī)
- 冥想 (míngxiǎng)
- 品味 (pǐnwèi)
- 尋味 / 寻味 (xúnwèi)
- 尋思 / 寻思
- 忖度 (cǔnduó)
- 念 (niàn)
- 思 (literary, or in compounds)
- 思忖 (sīcǔn)
- 思想 (sīxiǎng)
- 思慮 / 思虑 (sīlǜ)
- 思索 (sīsuǒ)
- 思維 / 思维 (sīwéi)
- 思考 (sīkǎo)
- 思裁 (si1 cai2) (Sichuanese)
- 思量 (sīliáng)
- 慎思 (shènsī)
- 掂掇 (diānduo) (colloquial)
- 推敲 (tuīqiāo)
- 掂量 (diānliáng)
- 揣摩 (chuǎimó)
- 斟酌 (zhēnzhuó) (figuratively)
- 沉思 (chénsī)
- 深思 (shēnsī)
- 照顧 / 照顾 (zhàogù)
- 玩味 (wánwèi)
- 玩弄 (Classical Chinese)
- 算度 (syun3 dok6) (Cantonese)
- 算計 / 算计 (suànjì)
- 考慮 / 考虑 (kǎolǜ)
- 苦思 (kǔsī)
- 著想 / 着想 (zhuóxiǎng)
- 計算 / 计算 (jìsuàn)
- 計較 / 计较
- 設想 / 设想 (shèxiǎng)
- 顧全 / 顾全 (gùquán)
- 顧及 / 顾及 (gùjí)
See also
- 捉摸 (zhuōmō)
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 琢 | 磨 |
| たく Jinmeiyō |
ま Grade: S |
| on'yomi | |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 琢磨 (kyūjitai) |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ta̠kɯ̟ma̠]
Noun
琢磨 • (takuma)
- polishing of jewels
- cultivating one's abilities
Verb
琢磨する • (takuma suru) transitive suru (stem 琢磨し (takuma shi), past 琢磨した (takuma shita))
Conjugation
Conjugation of "琢磨する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 琢磨し | たくまし | takuma shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 琢磨し | たくまし | takuma shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 琢磨する | たくまする | takuma suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 琢磨する | たくまする | takuma suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 琢磨すれ | たくますれ | takuma sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 琢磨せよ¹ 琢磨しろ² |
たくませよ¹ たくましろ² |
takuma seyo¹ takuma shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 琢磨される | たくまされる | takuma sareru | |
| Causative | 琢磨させる 琢磨さす |
たくまさせる たくまさす |
takuma saseru takuma sasu | |
| Potential | 琢磨できる | たくまできる | takuma dekiru | |
| Volitional | 琢磨しよう | たくましよう | takuma shiyō | |
| Negative | 琢磨しない | たくましない | takuma shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 琢磨せず | たくませず | takuma sezu | |
| Formal | 琢磨します | たくまします | takuma shimasu | |
| Perfective | 琢磨した | たくました | takuma shita | |
| Conjunctive | 琢磨して | たくまして | takuma shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 琢磨すれば | たくますれば | takuma sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||