放流
Chinese
to release; to free; to let go to release; to free; to let go; to put; to place; to let out |
to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (放流) | 放 | 流 | |
| simp. #(放流) | 放 | 流 | |
| anagram | 流放 | ||
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: fàngliú
- Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: fànglióu
- Wade–Giles: fang4-liu2
- Yale: fàng-lyóu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqliou
- Palladius: фанлю (fanlju)
- Sinological IPA (key): /fɑŋ⁵¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Middle Chinese: pjangH ljuw
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*paŋ-s ru/
- (Zhengzhang): /*paŋs ru/
Verb
放流
- (literary) to banish; to exile
- 屈平既嫉之，雖放流，睠顧楚國，繫心懷王，不忘欲反，冀幸君之一悟，俗之一改也。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
- Qū Píng jì jí zhī, suī fàngliú, juàngù Chǔguó, xìxīn Huáiwáng, bùwàng yù fǎn, jìxìng jūn zhī yī wù, sú zhī yī gǎi yě. [Pinyin]
- Qu Ping completely despised him. Though exiled, he still longed to go back to Chu and was deeply attached to King Huai. He never forgot his desire to return, hoping that his lord would awaken all of a sudden, and that courtly customs would be completely reformed.
屈平既嫉之，虽放流，睠顾楚国，系心怀王，不忘欲反，冀幸君之一悟，俗之一改也。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 放 | 流 |
| ほう Grade: 3 |
りゅう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ho̞ːɾʲɨː]
Noun
放流 • (hōryū)
- discharge or release into a river etc.
- 2025 April 25, 大河原まさこ [Masako Ōkawara], quotee, “第217回国会 衆議院 環境委員会 第6号 令和7年4月25日 [217th Diet House of Representatives Environment Committee No. 6 April 25, 2025]”, in 国会会議録検索システム [Diet Proceedings Search System][1], 国立国会図書館 [National Diet Library], retrieved 10 September 2025:
- 横田飛行場のＰＦＯＳ、ＰＦＯＡを含む水の処理方法を米軍にどのように確認しているのか。処理によって、ＰＦＯＳ、ＰＦＯＡ等の濃度の低減を放流前にどのように確認し、安全を確保するのでしょうか。
- Yokota Hikōjō no pī efu ō esu, pī efu ō ē o fukumu mizu no shori hōhō o Beigun ni dono yō ni kakunin shite iru no ka. Shori ni yotte, pī efu ō esu, pī efu ō ē nado no nōdo no teigen o hōryū mae ni dono yō ni kakunin shi, anzen o kakuho suru no deshō ka.
- How do you confirm with the U.S. military how the water at Yokota Air Base containing PFOS and PFOA is treated? How do you verify that the treatment reduces the concentration of PFOS and PFOA before the water is discharged to ensure safety?
Verb
放流する • (hōryū suru) transitive suru (stem 放流し (hōryū shi), past 放流した (hōryū shita))
- discharge or release
Conjugation
Conjugation of "放流する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放流し | ほうりゅうし | hōryū shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放流し | ほうりゅうし | hōryū shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放流する | ほうりゅうする | hōryū suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放流する | ほうりゅうする | hōryū suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放流すれ | ほうりゅうすれ | hōryū sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放流せよ¹ 放流しろ² |
ほうりゅうせよ¹ ほうりゅうしろ² |
hōryū seyo¹ hōryū shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 放流される | ほうりゅうされる | hōryū sareru | |
| Causative | 放流させる 放流さす |
ほうりゅうさせる ほうりゅうさす |
hōryū saseru hōryū sasu | |
| Potential | 放流できる | ほうりゅうできる | hōryū dekiru | |
| Volitional | 放流しよう | ほうりゅうしよう | hōryū shiyō | |
| Negative | 放流しない | ほうりゅうしない | hōryū shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 放流せず | ほうりゅうせず | hōryū sezu | |
| Formal | 放流します | ほうりゅうします | hōryū shimasu | |
| Perfective | 放流した | ほうりゅうした | hōryū shita | |
| Conjunctive | 放流して | ほうりゅうして | hōryū shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放流すれば | ほうりゅうすれば | hōryū sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||