恤

See also: 賉, 卹, and 䘏

恤	U+6064, 恤 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6064

← 恣
[U+6063]

CJK Unified Ideographs

恥 →
[U+6065]

Translingual

Han character

恤 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心竹月廿 (PHBT), four-corner 9701₀, composition ⿰忄血)

show pity
relieve, help

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 4
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10583
Dae Jaweon: page 715, character 22
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2296, character 10
Unihan data for U+6064

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 恤
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (血) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
侐	qʰʷiɡs, qʰʷɯɡ
血	*qʰʷiːɡ
恤	*sqʰʷiɡ
卹	*sqʰʷiɡ
賉	*sqʰʷiɡ
欰	*sqʰʷiɡ
洫	*qʰʷɯɡ
殈	*qʰʷeːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *sqʰʷiɡ): semantic 忄 (“heart”) + phonetic 血 (OC *qʰʷiːɡ).

Etymology 1

simp. and trad.		恤

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xù (xu⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄩˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sit
Northern Min (KCR): sṳ̆
Eastern Min (BUC): sók
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): hoeh⁶ / hyoeh⁶ / soh⁶ / suoh⁶
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sut

(Teochew, Peng'im): sug⁴
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁷shiuq

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xù
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: syù
  - Wade–Giles: hsü⁴
  - Yale: syù
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
  - Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕy⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: seot¹
  - Yale: sēut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sit
  - Hakka Romanization System: xid^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: xid⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /sit̚²/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: sṳ̆
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sy²⁴/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: sók
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /souʔ²⁴/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hoeh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: he̤h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hœʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: hyoeh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hyøʔ²/
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: soh⁶
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: seoh
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬɔʔ²¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: suoh⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɬuoʔ²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sut
  - Tâi-lô: sut
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sud
  - IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚⁵/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Taipei): /sut̚³²/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /sut̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sug⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suk
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /suk̚²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁷shiuq
  - MiniDict: shiuih^入
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁴xyq
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕyɪʔ⁵⁵/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 恤
Mandarin	Beijing	/ɕy⁵¹/
	Harbin	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Tianjin	/ɕy⁵³/
	Jinan	/ɕy²¹³/
	Qingdao	/ɕy⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/ɕy²⁴/
	Xi'an	/ɕy²¹/
	Xining	/ɕy⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/ɕy¹³/
	Lanzhou	/ɕy¹³/
	Ürümqi	/ɕy²¹³/
	Wuhan	/ɕy³⁵/
	Chengdu	/ɕye³¹/ /ɕy³¹/
	Guiyang	/ɕie²¹/
	Kunming	/ɕiɛ³¹/
	Nanjing	/sy⁴⁴/
	Hefei	/ɕyəʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/ɕyəʔ²/
	Pingyao	/ɕyʌʔ¹³/
	Hohhot	/ɕyəʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/ɕioʔ⁵/ /ɕyɪʔ⁵/
	Suzhou	/siəʔ⁵/
	Hangzhou	/sz̩ʷəʔ⁵/
	Wenzhou	/ɕy²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/ɕyeʔ²¹/
Hui	Tunxi	/ɕy⁵/
Xiang	Changsha	/si²⁴/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/si⁵⁵/
Gan	Nanchang
Hakka	Meixian	/sit̚¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/søt̚⁵/
	Nanning	/ɬɐt̚⁵⁵/
	Hong Kong	/søt̚⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/sut̚³²/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/souʔ²³/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/sy²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/suk̚²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/se⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: swit

Rime
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	心 (16)
Final (韻)	術 (52)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Closed
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	辛聿切
Baxter	swit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/siuɪt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/sʷit̚/
Shao Rongfen	/sjuet̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/swit̚/
Li Rong	/siuĕt̚/
Wang Li	/sĭuĕt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/si̯uĕt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	seot¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*s-[m]i[t]/

(Zhengzhang): /*sqʰʷiɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xù
Middle Chinese	‹ swit ›
Old Chinese	/*s-[m]i[t]/
English	anxiety
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	恤
Reading #	1/1
No.	14099
Phonetic component	血
Rime group	質
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	卹
Old Chinese	/*sqʰʷiɡ/

Definitions

恤

to misgive
to sympathize
to compensate
(archaic) to mind; to be concerned in
- 女罪之不恤，而又何請焉？不速死，司寇將至。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  女罪之不恤，而又何请焉？不速死，司寇将至。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4^th century BCE
  Rǔ zuì zhī bùxù, ér yòu hé qǐng yān? Bù sù sǐ, sīkòu jiāng zhì. [Pinyin]
  You show no concern over you own crimes, so what demands are there that are yours to make? In case you fail to bring about your own immediate death, the sikou is coming to take you in any moment.

Compounds

不恤 (bùxù)
優恤 / 优恤
勤恤
周恤
國恤 / 国恤
嫠不恤緯 / 嫠不恤纬
存恤 (cúnxù)
安富恤窮 / 安富恤穷
安富恤貧 / 安富恤贫
安民恤眾 / 安民恤众 (ānmínxùzhòng)
恤事
恤刑
恤功
恤勞 / 恤劳
恤嫠
恤孤
恤孤念寡
恤孤念苦
恤恤
恩恤
恤然
恤病
恤老憐貧 / 恤老怜贫
恤貧 / 恤贫
恤近忽遠 / 恤近忽远
恤隱 / 恤隐
患難相恤 / 患难相恤
惠恤
憂國恤民 / 忧国恤民
憐恤 / 怜恤 (liánxù)
憫恤 / 悯恤
憐貧恤老 / 怜贫恤老
憐貧恤苦 / 怜贫恤苦
振窮恤寡 / 振穷恤寡
撫孤恤寡 / 抚孤恤寡
撫恤 / 抚恤 (fǔxù)
收恤
救災恤患 / 救灾恤患
敬老恤貧 / 敬老恤贫
欽恤 / 钦恤
淹恤
畏天恤民
矜恤 (jīnxù)
矜貧恤獨 / 矜贫恤独
賑恤 / 赈恤
軫恤 / 轸恤
銜恤 / 衔恤
順天恤民 / 顺天恤民
顧恤 / 顾恤
體恤 / 体恤 (tǐxù)

Etymology 2

simp. and trad.		恤
alternative forms		戌銊／𫓰

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

Cantonese (Jyutping): seot¹

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: seot¹
  - Yale: sēut
  - Cantonese Pinyin: soet⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: sêd¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɵt̚⁵/

Definitions

恤

(Cantonese) bolt; latch
(Cantonese) to bolt; to latch
恤門／恤门 [Cantonese] ― seot¹ mun⁴ [Jyutping] ― to bolt the door

Compounds

門恤 / 门恤

Etymology 3

simp. and trad.		恤

For pronunciation and definitions of 恤 – see 裇. (This character is a variant form of 裇).

Compounds

T恤 (tì xù)
恤衫 (xùshān)

References

莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “恤”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 269.

Japanese

Kanji

恤

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: しゅち (shuchi)
Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
Kan’yō-on: じゅつ (jutsu)
Kun: あわれむ (awaremu, 恤れむ)、うれえる (ureeru, 恤える)、めぐむ (megumu, 恤む)
Nanori: めぐむ (megumu)

Korean

Hanja

恤 • (hyul) (hangeul 휼, revised hyul, McCune–Reischauer hyul, Yale hyul)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

恤: Hán Nôm readings: tuất

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Nom Foundation