弾ける

Japanese

FWOTD – 24 May 2023

Alternative spelling
彈ける (kyūjitai)

From Old Japanese 弾く (hajiku), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern.

Development

Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.

弾(はじ)ける • (hajikeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 弾(はじ)け (hajike), past 弾(はじ)けた (hajiketa))

Japanese verb pair
active	弾(はじ)く
mediopassive	弾(はじ)ける

to burst; to break from internal pressure (of a container)
クリの実(み)が弾(はじ)ける
kuri no mi ga hajikeru
The chestnut breaks open.

ポケットが弾(はじ)けそうだ
poketto ga hajike sō da
My pocket is about to burst.
(often figurative) to disperse/scatter with a burst
笑(わら)い声(ごえ)が弾(はじ)ける
waraigoe ga hajikeru
People burst into laughters.

バブル経(けい)済(ざい)が弾(はじ)ける
baburu keizai ga hajikeru
The economy bubble bursts.
to have fun; to party
試(し)験(けん)が終(お)わったので、カラオケで弾(はじ)けた
shiken ga owatta no de, karaoke de hajiketa
Since the exam is over, we had fun at karaoke.
- 1998, 広瀬香美<t:Kohmi Hirose>, “Groovy!”:
  
  Brand-new love song ハレハレルヤ!
  みんなハジけて愛(あい)し合(あ)おう
  Brand-new love song harehareruya!
  Minna hajikete aishiaō
  Brand-New Love Song Halle, hallelujah!
  Everyone, let's just go wild and love each other
to go public; to be revealed
汚(お)職(しょく)事(じ)件(けん)が秘(ひ)書(しょ)の逮(たい)捕(ほ)で弾(はじ)けた
oshoku jiken ga hisho no taiho de hajiketa
The corruption case went public following the arrest of the secretary.

Conjugation of "弾ける" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	弾け	はじけ	hajike
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	弾け	はじけ	hajike
Shūshikei ("terminal")	弾ける	はじける	hajikeru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	弾ける	はじける	hajikeru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	弾けれ	はじけれ	hajikere
Meireikei ("imperative")	弾けよ¹ 弾けろ²	はじけよ¹ はじけろ²	hajikeyo¹ hajikero²
Key constructions
Passive	弾けられる	はじけられる	hajikerareru
Causative	弾けさせる弾けさす	はじけさせるはじけさす	hajikesaseru hajikesasu
Potential	弾けられる弾けれる³	はじけられるはじけれる³	hajikerareru hajikereru³
Volitional	弾けよう	はじけよう	hajikeyō
Negative	弾けない弾けぬ弾けん	はじけないはじけぬはじけん	hajikenai hajikenu hajiken
Negative continuative	弾けず	はじけず	hajikezu
Formal	弾けます	はじけます	hajikemasu
Perfective	弾けた	はじけた	hajiketa
Conjunctive	弾けて	はじけて	hajikete
Hypothetical conditional	弾ければ	はじければ	hajikereba
¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential

Classical conjugation of "弾く" (カ行下二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形)	弾け	はじけ	fazike
Continuative (連用形)	弾け	はじけ	fazike
Terminal (終止形)	弾く	はじく	faziku
Attributive (連体形)	弾くる	はじくる	fazikuru
Realis (已然形)	弾くれ	はじくれ	fazikure
Imperative (命令形)	弾けよ	はじけよ	fazikeyo
Key constructions
Negative	弾けず	はじけず	fazikezu
Contrasting conjunction	弾くれど	はじくれど	fazikuredo
Causal conjunction	弾くれば	はじくれば	fazikureba
Conditional conjunction	弾けば	はじけば	fazikeba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	弾けき	はじけき	fazikeki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	弾けけり	はじけけり	fazikekeri
Perfect tense (conscious action)	弾けつ	はじけつ	faziketu
Perfect tense (natural event)	弾けぬ	はじけぬ	fazikenu
Perfect-continuative tense	弾けたり	はじけたり	faziketari
Volitional	弾けむ	はじけむ	fazikemu

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN