弱化
Chinese
weak; feeble; young weak; feeble; young; inferior |
to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (弱化) | 弱 | 化 | |
| simp. #(弱化) | 弱 | 化 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: ruòhuà
- Zhuyin: ㄖㄨㄛˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ruòhuà
- Wade–Giles: jo4-hua4
- Yale: rwò-hwà
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ruohhuah
- Palladius: жохуа (žoxua)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʐu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: joek6 faa3
- Yale: yeuhk fa
- Cantonese Pinyin: joek9 faa3
- Guangdong Romanization: yêg6 fa3
- Sinological IPA (key): /jœːk̚² faː³³/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Verb
弱化
- to weaken
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 弱 | 化 |
| じゃく > じゃっ Grade: 2 |
か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Noun
弱化 • (jakka) ←じやくくわ (zyakukwa)?
Antonyms
- 強化 (kyōka, “strengthening”)
Verb
弱化する • (jakka suru) ←じやくくわ (zyakukwa)?suru (stem 弱化し (jakka shi), past 弱化した (jakka shita))
- to weaken
Conjugation
Conjugation of "弱化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 弱化し | じゃっかし | jakka shi | |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 弱化し | じゃっかし | jakka shi | |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 弱化する | じゃっかする | jakka suru | |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 弱化する | じゃっかする | jakka suru | |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 弱化すれ | じゃっかすれ | jakka sure | |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 弱化せよ¹ 弱化しろ² |
じゃっかせよ¹ じゃっかしろ² |
jakka seyo¹ jakka shiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 弱化される | じゃっかされる | jakka sareru | |
| Causative | 弱化させる 弱化さす |
じゃっかさせる じゃっかさす |
jakka saseru jakka sasu | |
| Potential | 弱化できる | じゃっかできる | jakka dekiru | |
| Volitional | 弱化しよう | じゃっかしよう | jakka shiyō | |
| Negative | 弱化しない | じゃっかしない | jakka shinai | |
| Negative continuative | 弱化せず | じゃっかせず | jakka sezu | |
| Formal | 弱化します | じゃっかします | jakka shimasu | |
| Perfective | 弱化した | じゃっかした | jakka shita | |
| Conjunctive | 弱化して | じゃっかして | jakka shite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 弱化すれば | じゃっかすれば | jakka sureba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative | ||||
References
- ^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- ^ “弱化”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten][1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 弱 | 化 |
Noun
弱化 • (yakhwa) (hangeul 약화)
- hanja form? of 약화