幽州

Chinese

		quiet secluded	province prefecture prefectural seat
trad. (幽州)		幽	州
simp. ^#(幽州)		幽	州

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): Yōuzhōu

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡㄓㄡ

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: Yōuzhōu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡㄓㄡ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: Youjhou
  - Wade–Giles: Yu¹-chou¹
  - Yale: Yōu-jōu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Ioujou
  - Palladius: Ючжоу (Jučžou)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: 'jiw tsyuw

Rime
Character	幽	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	影 (34)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	幽 (138)	尤 (136)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	於虯切	職流切
Baxter	'jiw	tsyuw
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ʔiɪu/	/t͡ɕɨu/
Pan Wuyun	/ʔɨu/	/t͡ɕiu/
Shao Rongfen	/ʔieu/	/t͡ɕiəu/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ʔjiw/	/cuw/
Li Rong	/ʔiĕu/	/t͡ɕiu/
Wang Li	/iəu/	/t͡ɕĭəu/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ʔieu/	/t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yōu	zhōu
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jau¹	zau¹

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ʔ](r)iw tu/

(Zhengzhang): /*qɯw tju/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	幽	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yōu	zhōu
Middle Chinese	‹ ʔjiw ›	‹ tsyuw ›
Old Chinese	/*[ʔ](r)iw/	/*tu/
English	dark; secluded	islet in stream; province
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	幽	州
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	14620	17493
Phonetic component	幽	州
Rime group	幽	幽
Rime subdivision	2	1
Corresponding MC rime	幽	周
Old Chinese	/*qɯw/	/*tju/
Notes	甲金文從火從二幺會意火微

Proper noun

幽州

(mythology) Youzhou (one of the Nine Provinces of ancient Chinese legend)
(historical) You (a former prefecture of China)
(historical) Youzhou (a former city in Beijing, China, which served as the prefectural seat)

Hypernyms

(legendary 'province'): 九州 (Jiǔzhōu)