姑息
Chinese
| paternal aunt | rest; news; interest rest; news; interest; breath | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| trad. (姑息) | 姑 | 息 | |
| simp. #(姑息) | 姑 | 息 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gu1 sik1
- Southern Min
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gūxī
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄒㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gusi
- Wade–Giles: ku1-hsi1
- Yale: gū-syī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gushi
- Palladius: гуси (gusi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵ ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gūxí
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄒㄧˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gusí
- Wade–Giles: ku1-hsi2
- Yale: gū-syí
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gushyi
- Palladius: гуси (gusi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵⁵ ɕi³⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gu1 sik1
- Yale: gū sīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu1 sik7
- Guangdong Romanization: gu1 xig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː⁵⁵ sɪk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-sek
- Tâi-lô: koo-sik
- Phofsit Daibuun: koseg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪk̚³²/
- IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-siak
- Tâi-lô: koo-siak
- Phofsit Daibuun: kosiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-sit
- Tâi-lô: koo-sit
- Phofsit Daibuun: kosid
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ⁴⁴⁻²² sit̚³²/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gou1 sêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kou sek
- Sinological IPA (key): /kou³³⁻²³ sek̚²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
Verb
姑息
- to be excessively tolerant of; to be overly lenient toward; to indulge; to appease
- 曾子曰：「爾之愛我也不如彼；君子之愛人也以德，細人之愛人也以姑息。吾何求哉？吾得正而斃焉，斯已矣。」舉扶而易之，反席未安而沒。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
- Céngzǐ yuē: “Ěr zhī ài wǒ yě bùrú bǐ; jūnzǐ zhī àirén yě yǐ dé, xìrén zhī àirén yě yǐ gūxī. Wú hé qiú zāi? Wú dé zhèng ér bì yān, sī yǐ yǐ.” Jǔ fú ér yì zhī, fǎn xí wèi'ān ér mò. [Pinyin]
- Zengzi replied, “You love me less than he does. A gentleman’s love never leads others astray from what is right, while a small man’s love tends to lead to indulgence. What more could I ask for? I shall die content if I have lived by the right way.” They helped him up and changed the mat, but Zengzi passed away before he could even lie in comfort on his befitting mat.
曾子曰：「尔之爱我也不如彼；君子之爱人也以德，细人之爱人也以姑息。吾何求哉？吾得正而毙焉，斯已矣。」举扶而易之，反席未安而没。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
Adjective
姑息
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 姑 | 息 |
| こ Hyōgai |
そく Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | |
Pronunciation
Adjective
姑息 • (kosoku) -na (adnominal 姑息な (kosoku na), adverbial 姑息に (kosoku ni))
Inflection
Inflection of 姑息
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 姑息だろ | こそくだろ | kosoku daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 姑息で | こそくで | kosoku de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 姑息だ | こそくだ | kosoku da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 姑息な | こそくな | kosoku na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 姑息なら | こそくなら | kosoku nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 姑息であれ | こそくであれ | kosoku de are |
| Key constructions | |||
| Informal negative | 姑息ではない 姑息じゃない |
こそくではない こそくじゃない |
kosoku de wa nai kosoku ja nai |
| Informal past | 姑息だった | こそくだった | kosoku datta |
| Informal negative past | 姑息ではなかった 姑息じゃなかった |
こそくではなかった こそくじゃなかった |
kosoku de wa nakatta kosoku ja nakatta |
| Formal | 姑息です | こそくです | kosoku desu |
| Formal negative | 姑息ではありません 姑息じゃありません |
こそくではありません こそくじゃありません |
kosoku de wa arimasen kosoku ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 姑息でした | こそくでした | kosoku deshita |
| Formal negative past | 姑息ではありませんでした 姑息じゃありませんでした |
こそくではありませんでした こそくじゃありませんでした |
kosoku de wa arimasen deshita kosoku ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 姑息で | こそくで | kosoku de |
| Conditional | 姑息なら（ば） | こそくなら（ば） | kosoku nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 姑息だったら | こそくだったら | kosoku dattara |
| Volitional | 姑息だろう | こそくだろう | kosoku darō |
| Adverbial | 姑息に | こそくに | kosoku ni |
| Degree | 姑息さ | こそくさ | kosokusa |
Classical conjugation of "姑息なり" (ナリ活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 姑息なら | こそくなら | kosokunara | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 姑息に[1] 姑息なり[2] |
こそくに こそくなり |
kosokuni kosokunari | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 姑息なり | こそくなり | kosokunari | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 姑息なる | こそくなる | kosokunaru | |
| Realis (已然形) | 姑息なれ | こそくなれ | kosokunare | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 姑息なれ | こそくなれ | kosokunare | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Negative | 姑息ならず | こそくならず | kosokunarazu | |
| Contrasting conjunction | 姑息なれど | こそくなれど | kosokunaredo | |
| Causal conjunction | 姑息なれば | こそくなれば | kosokunareba | |
| Conditional conjunction | 姑息ならば | こそくならば | kosokunaraba | |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 姑息なりき | こそくなりき | kosokunariki | |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 姑息なりけり | こそくなりけり | kosokunarikeri | |
| Adverbial | 姑息に | こそくに | kosokuni | |
| [1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb. | ||||
Noun
姑息 • (kosoku)
- being makeshift
References
- “▲姑息”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025