壽

See also: 寿, 夀, and 🉢
壽 U+58FD, 壽
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58FD
← 壼
[U+58FC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 壾 →
[U+58FE]

Translingual

Japanese 寿
Simplified 寿
Traditional 壽

Han character

壽 (Kangxi radical 33, 士+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 土弓一戈 (GNMI), four-corner 40641, composition ⿳⿳士乛工一吋)

Derived characters

Additional Derived Characters
  • 𣋬, 𭷈, 𤘀, 𦡴, 𥌆, 𥖲, 𮖻, 𦦰, 𫇠, 𫋤, 𧈙, 𬰯, 𩟕
  • 𨞪, 𠠐, 𣀓, 𣀘, 𣤫, 𣫐, 𡕐, 𡕑, 𩕯, 𪇘, 𣝷, 𦏟, 𩯦, 𦦾

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 244, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5672
  • Dae Jaweon: page 484, character 10
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 483, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+58FD

Chinese

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (壽) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
禱 *tuːʔ, *tuːs
擣 *tuːʔ
檮 *tuːʔ, *duː, *du
壔 *tuːʔ
懤 *tuːʔ, *du, *dus
濤 *duː, *duː
燾 *duː, *duːs
翿 *duː, *duːs
幬 *duːs, *du
儔 *duːs, *du
譸 *tu
籌 *du
疇 *du
躊 *du
燽 *du
薵 *du
魗 *tʰjuʔ, *dju
醻 *dju
壽 *djuʔ, *djus
璹 *djuʔ, *djuɡ
鑄 *tjos

In bronze inscriptions, one of the forms is a phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) composed of semantic 耂 (“old”) + phonetic 𢏚. It can additionally bear a decorative symbol (口) or two (口 and 又).

The common traditional form 壽 is evolved from the composition with the two decorative symbols, with 又 becoming 寸.

Etymology 1

trad. 壽
simp. 寿
alternative forms
𠷎 ancient
夀
寿
𧈙
𡔽
𠷎 ancient
夀
寿
𧈙
𡔽
𦓃
𠭵
𦓂
 

Pronunciation

Note:
  • shou5 - vernacular;
  • shou4 - literary.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 壽
    Mandarin Beijing /ʂou⁵¹/
    Harbin /ʂou⁵³/
    Tianjin /ʂou⁵³/
    /sou⁵³/
    Jinan /ʂou²¹/
    Qingdao /ʃou⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /ʂou³¹²/
    Xi'an /ʂou⁴⁴/
    Xining /ʂɯ²¹³/
    Yinchuan /ʂəu¹³/
    Lanzhou /ʂou¹³/
    Ürümqi /ʂɤu²¹³/
    Wuhan /səu³⁵/
    Chengdu /səu¹³/
    Guiyang /səu²¹³/
    Kunming /ʂəu²¹²/
    Nanjing /ʂəɯ⁴⁴/
    Hefei /ʂɯ⁵³/
    Jin Taiyuan /səu⁴⁵/
    Pingyao /ʂəu³⁵/
    Hohhot /səu⁵⁵/
    Wu Shanghai /zɤ²³/
    Suzhou /zɤ³¹/
    Hangzhou /zei¹³/
    Wenzhou /jɤu²²/
    Hui Shexian /ɕiu²²/
    Tunxi /ɕiu¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ʂəu⁵⁵/
    /ʂəu¹¹/
    Xiangtan /ʂəɯ²¹/
    Gan Nanchang /sɨu²¹/
    Hakka Meixian /su⁵³/
    Taoyuan /ʃu⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /sɐu²²/
    Nanning /sɐu²²/
    Hong Kong /sɐu²²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /siu²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /sieu²⁴²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /siu⁴⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /siu³¹/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /tiu³³/
    Rime
    Character 壽 壽
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Initial (聲) 常 (25) 常 (25)
    Final (韻) 尤 (136) 尤 (136)
    Tone (調) Rising (X) Departing (H)
    Openness (開合) Open Open
    Division (等) III III
    Fanqie 殖酉切 承呪切
    Baxter dzyuwX dzyuwH
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/d͡ʑɨuX/ /d͡ʑɨuH/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/d͡ʑiuX/ /d͡ʑiuH/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/d͡ʑiəuX/ /d͡ʑiəuH/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/d͡ʑuwX/ /d͡ʑuwH/
    Li
    Rong         		/ʑiuX/ /ʑiuH/
    Wang
    Li         		/ʑĭəuX/ /ʑĭəuH/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/ʑi̯ə̯uX/ /ʑi̯ə̯uH/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		shòu shòu
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		sau6 sau6
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 壽 壽
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		shòu shòu
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ dzyuwX › ‹ dzyuwH ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*[N-t]uʔ/ /*[N-t]uʔ-s/
    English longevity longevity

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 壽 壽
    Reading # 1/2 2/2
    No. 11707 11709
    Phonetic
    component         		壽 壽
    Rime
    group         		幽 幽
    Rime
    subdivision         		1 1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		受 授
    Old
    Chinese         		/*djuʔ/ /*djus/

    Definitions

    壽

    1. old age; long life
      福壽雙全／福寿双全  ―  fúshòushuāngquán  ―  to enjoy both felicity and longevity
    2. life; age
    3. birthday
      壽辰／寿辰  ―  shòuchén  ―  birthday
      祝壽／祝寿  ―  zhùshòu  ―  to congratulate a person (usually an elderly person) on his or her birthday
    4. (euphemistic) funerary (especially prepared before one's death)
      壽材／寿材  ―  shòucái  ―  coffin prepared before one's death
      壽衣／寿衣  ―  shòuyī  ―  burial shroud (prepared before one's death)
    5. (Wu, Cantonese) foolish; stupid; cloddish
      壽頭／寿头 [Shanghainese]  ―  6zeu-deu [Wugniu]  ―  silly person; fool; idiot
    6. a surname

    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    trad. 壽
    simp. 寿

    Pronunciation

    Definitions

    壽

    1. (Hokkien, Teochew) alternative form of 岫 (“nest, den or lair of animals”)

    Japanese

    Shinjitai

    		寿

    Kyūjitai

    		壽

    Kanji

    壽

    (Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 寿)

    1. longevity, long life
    2. congratulations

    Readings

    Usage notes

    Seldom used in modern Japanese. See the 寿 entry for further details.

    Korean

    Hanja

    壽 (eum 수 (su))

    1. long life
      壽 (eum 장수하다 (jangsuhada))
      To live to a great age

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    Readings

    壽: Hán Việt readings: thọ
    壽: Nôm readings: thọ

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