國政

Chinese

		country; state; nation	political; politics; government
trad. (國政)		國	政
simp. (国政)		国	政

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): guózhèng

(Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓㄥˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gwok³ zing³
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koet-chṳn
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kok-chèng

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: guózhèng
  - Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄛˊ ㄓㄥˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: guójhèng
  - Wade–Giles: kuo²-chêng⁴
  - Yale: gwó-jèng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gwojenq
  - Palladius: гочжэн (gočžɛn)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ku̯ɔ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gwok³ zing³
  - Yale: gwok jing
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gwok⁸ dzing³
  - Guangdong Romanization: guog³ jing³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʷɔːk̚³ t͡sɪŋ³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koet-chṳn
  - Hakka Romanization System: gued^ˋ ziin
  - Hagfa Pinyim: gued⁵ zin⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /ku̯et̚² t͡sɨn⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kok-chèng
  - Tâi-lô: kok-tsìng
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kokzexng
  - IPA (Taipei): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ¹¹/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔk̚³²⁻⁴ t͡siɪŋ²¹/

Middle Chinese: kwok tsyengH

Rime
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	章 (23)
Final (韻)	德 (132)	清 (121)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Closed	Open
Division (等)	I	III
Fanqie	古或切	之盛切
Baxter	kwok	tsyengH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kwək̚/	/t͡ɕiᴇŋ^H/
Pan Wuyun	/kʷək̚/	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/
Shao Rongfen	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕiæŋ^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kwək̚/	/ciajŋ^H/
Li Rong	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕiɛŋ^H/
Wang Li	/kuək̚/	/t͡ɕĭɛŋ^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kwək̚/	/t͡ɕi̯ɛŋ^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	guo	zhèng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gwak¹	zing³

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[C.q]ʷˤək teŋ-s/

(Zhengzhang): /*kʷɯːɡ tjeŋs/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	guó	zhèng
Middle Chinese	‹ kwok ›	‹ tsyeng^H ›
Old Chinese	/*[C.q]ʷˁək/	/*teŋ-s/
English	state (n.)	government
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	國	政
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	5547	17177
Phonetic component	或	正
Rime group	職	耕
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	國	政
Old Chinese	/*kʷɯːɡ/	/*tjeŋs/

Noun

國政

(literary) affairs of state

Synonyms

(historical) 朝政 (cháozhèng)
(historical) 國朝／国朝 (guócháo)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (國政):

→ Japanese: 国政(こくせい) (kokusei)
→ Korean: 국정(國政) (gukjeong)
→ Vietnamese: quốc chính (國政)

Japanese

For pronunciation and definitions of 國政 – see the following entry.

【国政こくせい】

[noun] political situation

(This term, 國政, is the kyūjitai of the above term.)