囿

囿	U+56FF, 囿 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56FF

← 图
[U+56FE]

CJK Unified Ideographs

圀 →
[U+5700]

Translingual

Han character

囿 (Kangxi radical 31, 囗+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 田大月 (WKB), four-corner 6022₇, composition ⿴囗有)

pen up
limit, constrain

Derived characters

𦳩, 𢜹

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 218, character 8
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4756
Dae Jaweon: page 446, character 10
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 717, character 20
Unihan data for U+56FF

Chinese

trad.		囿
simp. ^#		囿
alternative forms		𧆘

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 囿
Shang	Western Zhou	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Oracle bone script	Bronze inscriptions	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (又) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
絠	*kɯːʔ
醢	*qʰɯːʔ
珛	*qʰʷɯs
栯	ɢʷɯʔ, qʷɯ
有	*ɢʷɯʔ
友	*ɢʷɯʔ
右	ɢʷɯʔ, ɢʷɯs
宥	*ɢʷɯs
囿	ɢʷɯs, ɡʷɯ
侑	*ɢʷɯs
酭	*ɢʷɯs
姷	*ɢʷɯs
又	*ɢʷɯs
佑	*ɢʷɯs
祐	*ɢʷɯs
賄	*qʰʷɯːʔ
蛕	qʰʷɯːʔ, ɡʷɯː
烠	*ɡʷɯː
倄	ɢraːw, ɢʷɯːʔ
鮪	*ɢʷɯʔ
洧	*ɢʷɯʔ
痏	*ɢʷɯʔ
郁	*qʷɯ
戫	*qʷɯ
哊	*ɡʷɯ

Etymology

Related to 國 (OC *kʷɯːɡ, “country, nation”); see there for more.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yòu (you⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jau⁶
Eastern Min (BUC): êu
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): iu⁵
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): iū

(Teochew, Peng'im): iu⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yòu
  - Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yòu
  - Wade–Giles: yu⁴
  - Yale: yòu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yow
  - Palladius: ю (ju)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /joʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: jau⁶
  - Yale: yauh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jau⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yeo⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jɐu̯²²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: êu
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iɛu²⁴²/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: iu⁵
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: iū
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu¹¹/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: iu⁵
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iū
  - Tâi-lô: iū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: iu
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /iu⁴¹/
  - IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iu²²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: iu⁶
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iŭ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /iu³⁵/

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷək-s/, /*[ɢ]ʷək/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷɯs/, /*ɡʷɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	囿	囿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	yòu	yòu
Middle Chinese	‹ hjuw^H ›	‹ hjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɢ]ʷək-s/	/*[ɢ]ʷək/
English	park, garden	park, garden
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	囿	囿
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	15599	15618
Phonetic component	又	又
Rime group	之	之
Rime subdivision	0	0
Corresponding MC rime	宥	囿
Old Chinese	/*ɢʷɯs/	/*ɡʷɯ/

Definitions

囿

(literary) park
皇囿 [Cantonese] ― wong⁴ jau⁶ [Jyutping] ― old name of King's Park, Hong Kong
- 王在靈囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯、白鳥翯翯。王在靈沼，於牣魚躍。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, trad.]
  王在灵囿，麀鹿攸伏。麀鹿濯濯、白鸟翯翯。王在灵沼，于牣鱼跃。 [Pre-Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11^th – 7^th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
  Wáng zài língyòu, yōulù yōu fú. Yōulù zhuózhuó, bái niǎo hèhè. Wáng zài líng zhǎo, yú rèn yú yuè. [Pinyin]
  The king was in the numinous park, where the does were lying down; The does, so sleek and fat; with the white birds glistening. The king was by the numinous pond; - how full was it of fishes leaping about!

Compounds

上囿
中囿
九囿
俗囿
儒囿
別囿 / 别囿
區囿 / 区囿
囿人
囿制 (yòuzhì)
囿於 / 囿于 (yòuyú)
囿臺 / 囿台
囿苑
囿遊 / 囿游
園囿 / 园囿 (yuányòu)
場囿 / 场囿
墟囿
學囿 / 学囿
射囿
局囿
拘囿
文囿
書囿 / 书囿
林囿
淵囿 / 渊囿
玄囿
禁囿
繁囿
羅囿 / 罗囿
自囿
花囿
苑囿 (yuànyòu)
詞囿 / 词囿
詩囿 / 诗囿
辨囿
辯囿 / 辩囿
逸囿
郊囿
野囿
靈囿 / 灵囿

References

“囿”, in 重編國語辭典修訂本 [Revised Mandarin Chinese Dictionary] (in Chinese), National Academy for Educational Research (Taiwan), 2021.
“囿”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “囿”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 289.

Japanese

Kanji

囿

(Hyōgai kanji)

game preserve
pasture
garden

Readings

Go-on: いく (iku)^{←ゐく (wiku, historical)}、う (u)
Kan-on: いく (iku)^{←ゐく (wiku, historical)}、ゆう (yū)^{←いう (iu, historical)}
Kun: その (sono, 囿)

References

“^▲囿”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2025

Korean

Hanja

囿 • (yu) (hangeul 유, revised yu, McCune–Reischauer yu)

pen up
limit, constrain

Vietnamese

Han character

囿: Hán Nôm readings: hữu

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