See also: and
U+5442, 呂
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5442

[U+5441]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5443]
U+F980, 呂
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F980
勵
[U+F97F]
CJK Compatibility Ideographs
[U+F981]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 30, 口+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 口竹口 (RHR), four-corner 60600, composition 丿)

Derived characters

Descendants

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 181, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 3386
  • Dae Jaweon: page 398, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 577, character 12
  • Unihan data for U+5442

Chinese

trad.
simp. *
alternative forms spine
spine

Glyph origin

Ji Xusheng (2014): Pictogram (象形): two blocks of metal. Original form of (“ingot”). Later incorporated into (“metal”) as a semantic component.

Shuowen interprets it as a pictogram of two vertebrae. However, the two blocks were originally disconnected, and the connecting line was only added in the seal script.

Later phonetically borrowed as an instance of jiajie (假借) to represent (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “spine”) and (OC *ɡ·raʔ, “music notes”). The character was later also borrowed and stylized for (OC *la, *laʔ, “I; give”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ra-t (bone) (STEDT).

Pronunciation


Note:
  • lū/lǐr/lī/līr - vernacular, and for surname;
  • lú/lír/lí - literary.
Note:
  • 3li - vernacular;
  • 3ly - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /ly²¹⁴/
    Harbin /ly²¹³/
    Tianjin /luei¹³/
    /ly¹³/
    Jinan /ly⁵⁵/
    Qingdao /ly⁵⁵/
    Zhengzhou /ly⁵³/
    Xi'an /ly⁵³/
    Xining /l̩ʷ⁵³/
    Yinchuan /ly⁵³/
    Lanzhou /ly⁴⁴²/
    Ürümqi /ly⁵¹/
    Wuhan /y⁴²/
    Chengdu /ny⁵³/
    Guiyang /ni⁴²/
    Kunming /luei⁵³/
    Nanjing /ly²¹²/
    Hefei /zz̩ʷ²⁴/
    Jin Taiyuan /ly⁵³/
    Pingyao /luei⁵³/
    Hohhot /ly⁵³/
    Wu Shanghai /ly²³/
    Suzhou /li³¹/
    Hangzhou /lz̩ʷ⁵³/
    Wenzhou /løy³⁵/
    Hui Shexian /ly³⁵/
    Tunxi /li³¹/
    Xiang Changsha /lei⁴¹/
    Xiangtan /nəi⁴²/
    Gan Nanchang /li²¹³/
    Hakka Meixian /li⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /li²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /løy²³/
    Nanning /ly²⁴/
    Hong Kong /løy¹³/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lu⁵³/
    /lu²²/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ly³²/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /ly²¹/
    Shantou (Teochew) /lɯ³⁵/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /li³¹/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (37)
    Final () (22)
    Tone (調) Rising (X)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () III
    Fanqie
    Baxter ljoX
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /lɨʌX/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /liɔX/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /liɔX/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /lɨə̆X/
    Li
    Rong
    /liɔX/
    Wang
    Li
    /lĭoX/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /li̯woX/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    leoi5
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ ljoX ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[r]aʔ/
    English spine; pitch-pipe

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 8579
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    0
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*ɡ·raʔ/
    Notes

    Definitions

    1. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, anatomy) spine
    2. (obsolete on its own in Standard Chinese, music) even-numbered notes in shí'èrlǜ
    3. , a state in China that existed in the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period
    4. a surname
        ―    ―  Bu (Chinese military general and warlord who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty)

    Descendants

    • English: Lu, , Lui, Lv, Lyu, Loo, Luy, Lou, Lew

    Compounds

    Japanese

    Kanji

    (Jōyō kanji)

    1. spine
    2. backbone

    Readings

    • Go-on: (ro, Jōyō)
    • Kan-on: りょ (ryo)りよ (ryo, historical)
    • Kun: せぼね (sebone, )
    • Nanori: おと (oto)とも (tomo)なが (naga)

    Etymology 1

    Kanji in this term
    せぼね
    Grade: S
    kun'yomi
    For pronunciation and definitions of – see the following entry.
    背骨せぼね
    [noun] [from late 1100s] backbone (series of vertebrae that encloses the spinal cord)
    (This term, , is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

    Etymology 2

    Kanji in this term
    りょ
    Grade: S
    kan'on

    From Middle Chinese (MC ljoX).

    Pronunciation

    Noun

    (りょ) • (ryoりよ (ryo)?

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Proper noun

    (りょ) • (Ryoりよ (Ryo)?

    1. an orthographic borrowing of the Chinese surname  / (),

    Korean

    Hanja

    (eum (ryeo))

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: , lả, lỡ, lử, lữa, rả, rứa, trả, trở, lớ, lở, lữ

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.