ὀσφραίνομαι
Ancient Greek
Etymology
It is widely agreed that the initial syllable contains a zero grade s-stem from Proto-Indo-European *h₃ed-. Compare Ancient Greek ὄζω (ózō). Cognates include Latin odor and Lithuanian úosti.
Karl Brugmann connects it with Sanskrit घ्रा (ghrā, “to smell, perceive odor”).
Alternatively, Seebold compares the root to Old English brǣþ (“smell; steam”), whence English breath.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /os.pʰrǎi̯.no.mai̯/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /osˈpʰrɛ.no.mɛ/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /osˈɸrɛ.no.mɛ/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /osˈfre.no.me/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /osˈfre.no.me/
Verb
ὀσφραίνομαι • (osphraínomai)
- to smell
- (figurative) to get scent of
Inflection
Present: ὀσφραίνομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ὀσφραίνομαι | ὀσφραίνῃ / ὀσφραίνει | ὀσφραίνεται | ὀσφραίνεσθον | ὀσφραίνεσθον | ὀσφραινόμεθᾰ | ὀσφραίνεσθε | ὀσφραίνονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ὀσφραίνωμαι | ὀσφραίνῃ | ὀσφραίνηται | ὀσφραίνησθον | ὀσφραίνησθον | ὀσφραινώμεθᾰ | ὀσφραίνησθε | ὀσφραίνωνται | |||||
| optative | ὀσφραινοίμην | ὀσφραίνοιο | ὀσφραίνοιτο | ὀσφραίνοισθον | ὀσφραινοίσθην | ὀσφραινοίμεθᾰ | ὀσφραίνοισθε | ὀσφραίνοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ὀσφραίνου | ὀσφραινέσθω | ὀσφραίνεσθον | ὀσφραινέσθων | ὀσφραίνεσθε | ὀσφραινέσθων | |||||||
| middle/passive | |||||||||||||
| infinitive | ὀσφραίνεσθαι | ||||||||||||
| participle | m | ὀσφραινόμενος | |||||||||||
| f | ὀσφραινομένη | ||||||||||||
| n | ὀσφραινόμενον | ||||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Future: ὀσφρήσομαι, ὀσφρηθήσομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| middle | indicative | ὀσφρήσομαι | ὀσφρήσῃ / ὀσφρήσει | ὀσφρήσεται | ὀσφρήσεσθον | ὀσφρήσεσθον | ὀσφρησόμεθᾰ | ὀσφρήσεσθε | ὀσφρήσονται | ||||
| optative | ὀσφρησοίμην | ὀσφρήσοιο | ὀσφρήσοιτο | ὀσφρήσοισθον | ὀσφρησοίσθην | ὀσφρησοίμεθᾰ | ὀσφρήσοισθε | ὀσφρήσοιντο | |||||
| passive | indicative | ὀσφρηθήσομαι | ὀσφρηθήσῃ | ὀσφρηθήσεται | ὀσφρηθήσεσθον | ὀσφρηθήσεσθον | ὀσφρηθησόμεθᾰ | ὀσφρηθήσεσθε | ὀσφρηθήσονται | ||||
| optative | ὀσφρηθησοίμην | ὀσφρηθήσοιο | ὀσφρηθήσοιτο | ὀσφρηθήσοισθον | ὀσφρηθησοίσθην | ὀσφρηθησοίμεθᾰ | ὀσφρηθήσοισθε | ὀσφρηθήσοιντο | |||||
| middle | passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ὀσφρήσεσθαι | ὀσφρηθήσεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ὀσφρησόμενος | ὀσφρηθησόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ὀσφρησομένη | ὀσφρηθησομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ὀσφρησόμενον | ὀσφρηθησόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Further reading
- “ὀσφραίνομαι”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press