Ἶρις

See also: ίρις and ἶρις

Ancient Greek

Etymology

  • Etymology tree
    Ancient Greek *ϝῖρις (*wîris)
    Ancient Greek Ἶρις (Îris)

    Presuming an earlier form *ϝῖρις (*wîris), then from Proto-Indo-European *weh₁i-ro- (“a twist, thread, cord, wire”), from *weh₁i- (“to turn, twist, weave, plait”). Cognates include English wire, Swedish vira (“to twist”), Latin vieō (“weave together”), Welsh gŵyr (“bent”).

    Pronunciation

     

    Proper noun

    Ἶρῐς • (Îrĭs) f (genitive Ῑ̓́ρῐδος); third declension

    1. (Greek mythology) Iris

    Inflection

    Third declension of ἡ Ἶρῐς; τῆς Ῑ̓́ρῐδος (Attic)
    Case / # Singular
    Nominative ἡ Ἶρῐς
    hē Îrĭs
    Genitive τῆς Ῑ̓́ρῐδος
    tês Ī́rĭdos
    Dative τῇ Ῑ̓́ρῐδῐ
    tēî Ī́rĭdĭ
    Accusative τὴν Ἶρῐν
    tḕn Îrĭn
    Vocative Ἶρῐ
    Îrĭ
    Notes:
    • This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.
    • Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster *-δς (*-ds).

    Descendants

    • Greek: Ίρις (Íris); Ίριδα (Írida)
    • Latin: Īris
    • Spanish: arco iris

    Further reading

    • “Ἶρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
    • “Ἶρις”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
    • Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited, page 1,014
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