ἴσχω
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *si-sǵʰ-, reduplicated zero-grade present of *seǵʰ-, from which also ἔχω (ékhō, “have”).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ís.kʰɔː/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈis.kʰo/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈis.xo/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈis.xo/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈis.xo/
Verb
ῐ̓́σχω • (ĭ́skhō)
- (Epic) to hold back, restrain
- (reflexive, middle in Epic, active in later Greek) to stay, stop
- to hold fast; keep, maintain
- (later Greek) have
Inflection
Present: ῐ̓́σχω, ῐ̓́σχομαι
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῐ̓́σχω | ῐ̓́σχεις | ῐ̓́σχει | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓́σχομεν | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓́σχουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ῐ̓́σχω | ῐ̓́σχῃς | ῐ̓́σχῃ | ῐ̓́σχητον | ῐ̓́σχητον | ῐ̓́σχωμεν | ῐ̓́σχητε | ῐ̓́σχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῐ̓́σχοιμῐ | ῐ̓́σχοις | ῐ̓́σχοι | ῐ̓́σχοιτον | ῐ̓σχοίτην | ῐ̓́σχοιμεν | ῐ̓́σχοιτε | ῐ̓́σχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῐ̓́σχε | ῐ̓σχέτω | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓σχέτων | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓σχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̓́σχομαι | ῐ̓́σχῃ / ῐ̓́σχει | ῐ̓́σχεται | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχόμεθᾰ | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓́σχονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῐ̓́σχωμαι | ῐ̓́σχῃ | ῐ̓́σχηται | ῐ̓́σχησθον | ῐ̓́σχησθον | ῐ̓σχώμεθᾰ | ῐ̓́σχησθε | ῐ̓́σχωνται | |||||
| optative | ῐ̓σχοίμην | ῐ̓́σχοιο | ῐ̓́σχοιτο | ῐ̓́σχοισθον | ῐ̓σχοίσθην | ῐ̓σχοίμεθᾰ | ῐ̓́σχοισθε | ῐ̓́σχοιντο | |||||
| imperative | ῐ̓́σχου | ῐ̓σχέσθω | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχέσθων | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓σχέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῐ̓́σχειν | ῐ̓́σχεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῐ̓́σχων | ῐ̓σχόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῐ̓́σχουσᾰ | ῐ̓σχομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῐ̓́σχον | ῐ̓σχόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῐ̓́σχω | ῐ̓́σχεις | ῐ̓́σχει | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓́σχομεν | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓́σχουσῐ(ν) | ||||
| subjunctive | ῐ̓́σχω, ῐ̓́σχωμῐ |
ῐ̓́σχῃς, ῐ̓́σχῃσθᾰ |
ῐ̓́σχῃ, ῐ̓́σχῃσῐ |
ῐ̓́σχητον | ῐ̓́σχητον | ῐ̓́σχωμεν | ῐ̓́σχητε | ῐ̓́σχωσῐ(ν) | |||||
| optative | ῐ̓́σχοιμῐ | ῐ̓́σχοισ(θᾰ) | ῐ̓́σχοι | ῐ̓́σχοιτον | ῐ̓σχοίτην | ῐ̓́σχοιμεν | ῐ̓́σχοιτε | ῐ̓́σχοιεν | |||||
| imperative | ῐ̓́σχε | ῐ̓σχέτω | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓σχέτων | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓σχόντων | |||||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̓́σχομαι | ῐ̓́σχεαι | ῐ̓́σχεται | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓́σχονται | ||||
| subjunctive | ῐ̓́σχωμαι | ῐ̓́σχηαι | ῐ̓́σχηται | ῐ̓́σχησθον | ῐ̓́σχησθον | ῐ̓σχώμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̓́σχησθε | ῐ̓́σχωνται | |||||
| optative | ῐ̓σχοίμην | ῐ̓́σχοιο | ῐ̓́σχοιτο | ῐ̓́σχοισθον | ῐ̓σχοίσθην | ῐ̓σχοίμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̓́σχοισθε | ῐ̓σχοίᾰτο | |||||
| imperative | ῐ̓́σχεο | ῐ̓σχέσθω | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχέσθων | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓σχέσθων | |||||||
| active | middle/passive | ||||||||||||
| infinitive | ῐ̓́σχειν / ῐ̓σχέμεν(αι) / ῐ̓́σχμεν(αι) | ῐ̓́σχεσθαι | |||||||||||
| participle | m | ῐ̓́σχων | ῐ̓σχόμενος | ||||||||||
| f | ῐ̓́σχουσᾰ | ῐ̓σχομένη | |||||||||||
| n | ῐ̓́σχον | ῐ̓σχόμενον | |||||||||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Imperfect: ῐ̓́σχον, ῐ̓σχόμην
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῐ̓́σχον | ῐ̓́σχες | ῐ̓́σχε(ν) | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓σχέτην | ῐ̓́σχομεν | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓́σχον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̓σχόμην | ῐ̓́σχου | ῐ̓́σχετο | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχέσθην | ῐ̓σχόμεθᾰ | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓́σχοντο | ||||
| Notes: | This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
| number | singular | dual | plural | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| first | second | third | second | third | first | second | third | ||||||
| active | indicative | ῐ̓́σχον | ῐ̓́σχες | ῐ̓́σχε(ν) | ῐ̓́σχετον | ῐ̓σχέτην | ῐ̓́σχομεν | ῐ̓́σχετε | ῐ̓́σχον | ||||
| middle/ passive |
indicative | ῐ̓σχόμην | ῐ̓́σχου | ῐ̓́σχετο | ῐ̓́σχεσθον | ῐ̓σχέσθην | ῐ̓σχόμε(σ)θᾰ | ῐ̓́σχεσθε | ῐ̓́σχοντο | ||||
| Notes: | Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
| ||||||||||||
Derived terms
- ᾰ̓νῐ́σχω (ănĭ́skhō)
- ᾰ̓ντῐ́σχω (ăntĭ́skhō)
- ᾰ̓πῐ́σχω (ăpĭ́skhō)
- αὐτοῐ̈σχῡ́ς (autoĭ̈skhū́s)
- βῐ́σχῡν (bĭ́skhūn)
- δῐῐ̈σχῡρῐ́ζομαι (dĭĭ̈skhūrĭ́zomai)
- δῐῐ̈σχῡ́ω (dĭĭ̈skhū́ō)
- δῐῐ̈́σχω (dĭĭ̈́skhō)
- ἐνῐσχῡ́ω (enĭskhū́ō)
- ἐνῐ́σχω (enĭ́skhō)
- ἐξᾰνῐ́σχω (exănĭ́skhō)
- ἐξῐσχῡ́ω (exĭskhū́ō)
- ἐξῐ́σχω (exĭ́skhō)
- ἐπῐσχῡ́ω (epĭskhū́ō)
- ἐπῐ́σχω (epĭ́skhō)
- ῐ̓́σχαιμος (ĭ́skhaimos)
- ῐ̓σχαίνω (ĭskhaínō)
- ῐ̓σχᾰνᾰ́ω (ĭskhănắō)
- ῐ̓σχᾰ́νω (ĭskhắnō)
- ῐ̓σχᾰ́ς (ĭskhắs)
- ῐ̓σχέγᾱον (ĭskhégāon)
- ῐ̓σχέθῠρον (ĭskhéthŭron)
- ῐ̓σχέμεν (ĭskhémen)
- ῐ̓σχητήρῐος (ĭskhētḗrĭos)
- ῐ̓σχομένως (ĭskhoménōs)
- ῐ̓σχουρέω (ĭskhouréō)
- ῐ̓σχῡρός (ĭskhūrós)
- ῐ̓σχῡρότης (ĭskhūrótēs)
- ῐ̓σχῡ́ς (ĭskhū́s)
- ῐ̓́σχῡσῐς (ĭ́skhūsĭs)
- ῐ̓σχῡτήρῐος (ĭskhūtḗrĭos)
- ῐ̓σχῡ́ω (ĭskhū́ō)
- κᾰτᾰῐ̈́σχω (kătăĭ̈́skhō)
- κᾰτῐσχῡ́ω (kătĭskhū́ō)
- κᾰτῐ́σχω (kătĭ́skhō)
- μετῐ́σχω (metĭ́skhō)
- πᾰρᾰνῐ́σχω (părănĭ́skhō)
- πᾰρῐ́σχω (părĭ́skhō)
- περῐῐ̈́σχω (perĭĭ̈́skhō)
- προᾰνῐ́σχω (proănĭ́skhō)
- προῐ̈́σχω (proĭ̈́skhō)
- προσῐσχῡ́ω (prosĭskhū́ō)
- προσῐ́σχω (prosĭ́skhō)
- σῠνεπῐσχῡ́ω (sŭnepĭskhū́ō)
- σῠνῐσχῡ́ω (sŭnĭskhū́ō)
- σῠνῐ́σχω (sŭnĭ́skhō)
- ῠ̔περᾰνῐ́σχω (hŭperănĭ́skhō)
- ῠ̔περῐσχῡ́ω (hŭperĭskhū́ō)
- ῠ̔περῐ́σχω (hŭperĭ́skhō)
- ῠ̔ποῐ̈́σχω (hŭpoĭ̈́skhō)
References
- “ἴσχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “ἴσχω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- “ἴσχω”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
- ἴσχω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
- “ἴσχω”, in Slater, William J. (1969), Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter