ἄγλις

Ancient Greek

ALternative forms

ᾰ̓γλῑ́ς (ăglī́s)

Etymology

Beekes labels this as Pre-Greek. Related to γέλγῑς (gélgīs, “head of garlic”).^[1] Kroonen (2012) proposes an ultimate Akkadian etymology of such a Pre-Greek word. He reconstructs an ablaut form *agdl-, which he derives from Akkadian 𒄀𒀉𒇻 (/⁠gidlu⁠/, “string of garlic or onions”). The theory also supposes that the initial alpha came from Pre-Greek. The same paper, in a footnote, proposes that Latin allium was borrowed from this root as well.^[2]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /á.ɡliːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɡlis/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣlis/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣlis/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈa.ɣlis/

Noun

ᾰ̓́γλῑς • (ắglīs) f (genitive ᾰ̓́γλῑθος or ᾰ̓́γλῑδος); third declension

clove of garlic

Declension

Third declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́γλῑς; τῆς ᾰ̓́γλῑθος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́γλῑς hē ắglīs	τὼ ᾰ̓́γλῑθε tṑ ắglīthe	αἱ ᾰ̓́γλῑθες hai ắglīthes
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓́γλῑθος tês ắglīthos	τοῖν ᾰ̓γλῑ́θοιν toîn ăglī́thoin	τῶν ᾰ̓γλῑ́θων tôn ăglī́thōn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓́γλῑθῐ tēî ắglīthĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓γλῑ́θοιν toîn ăglī́thoin	ταῖς ᾰ̓́γλῑσῐ / ᾰ̓́γλῑσῐν taîs ắglīsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́γλῑθᾰ tḕn ắglīthă	τὼ ᾰ̓́γλῑθε tṑ ắglīthe	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́γλῑθᾰς tā̀s ắglīthăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γλῑς ắglīs	ᾰ̓́γλῑθε ắglīthe	ᾰ̓́γλῑθες ắglīthes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster -θς (-ths).

Third declension of ἡ ᾰ̓́γλῑς; τῆς ᾰ̓́γλῑδος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ἡ ᾰ̓́γλῑς hē ắglīs	τὼ ᾰ̓́γλῑδε tṑ ắglīde	αἱ ᾰ̓́γλῑδες hai ắglīdes
Genitive	τῆς ᾰ̓́γλῑδος tês ắglīdos	τοῖν ᾰ̓γλῑ́δοιν toîn ăglī́doin	τῶν ᾰ̓γλῑ́δων tôn ăglī́dōn
Dative	τῇ ᾰ̓́γλῑδῐ tēî ắglīdĭ	τοῖν ᾰ̓γλῑ́δοιν toîn ăglī́doin	ταῖς ᾰ̓́γλῑσῐ / ᾰ̓́γλῑσῐν taîs ắglīsĭ(n)
Accusative	τὴν ᾰ̓́γλῑδᾰ tḕn ắglīdă	τὼ ᾰ̓́γλῑδε tṑ ắglīde	τᾱ̀ς ᾰ̓́γλῑδᾰς tā̀s ắglīdăs
Vocative	ᾰ̓́γλῑς ắglīs	ᾰ̓́γλῑδε ắglīde	ᾰ̓́γλῑδες ắglīdes
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension. Nominative singular -ς (-s) arose by reduction of the original cluster -δς (-ds).

Derived terms

ᾰ̓γλῑ́δῐον (ăglī́dĭon)

References

^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἄγλῑς, -ῑθος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 13
^ Kroonen, Guus (2012), “An Akkadian loanword in Pre-Greek: on the etymology of Greek ἄγλις and γέλγις 'garlic'”, in The Journal of Indo-European Studies‎^[1], volume 40, pages 289-299